Real-time computer systems are very often subject to dependability requirements because of their application areas. Fly-by-wire airplane control systems, control of power plants, industrial process control systems ...
详细信息
ISBN:
(数字)9780585295800
ISBN:
(纸本)9780792396574;9781475770285
Real-time computer systems are very often subject to dependability requirements because of their application areas. Fly-by-wire airplane control systems, control of power plants, industrial process control systems and others are required to continue their function despite faults. Fault-tolerance and real-time requirements thus constitute a kind of;combination in process control applications. Systematic fault-tolerance is based on redundancy, which is used to mask failures of individual components. The problem of replica determinism is thereby to ensure that replicated components show consistent behavior in the absence of faults. It might seem trivial that, given an identical sequence of inputs, replicated computer systems will produce consistent outputs. Unfortunately, this is not the case. The problem of replica non-determinism and the presentation of its possible solutions is the subject of;.;The field of automotive electronics is an important application area of fault-tolerant real-time systems. Systems like anti-lock braking, engine control, active suspension or vehicle dynamics control have demanding real-time and fault-tolerance requirements. These requirements have to be met even in the presence of very limited resources since cost is extremely important. Because of its interesting properties;gives an introduction to the application area of automotive electronics. The requirements of automotive electronics are a topic of discussion in the remainder of this work and are used as a benchmark to evaluate solutions to the problem of replica determinism.
Lifelong learning addresses situations in which a learner faces a series of different learning tasks providing the opportunity for synergy among them. Explanation-based neural network learning (EBNN) is a machine l...
详细信息
ISBN:
(数字)9781461313816
ISBN:
(纸本)9780792397168;9781461285977
Lifelong learning addresses situations in which a learner faces a series of different learning tasks providing the opportunity for synergy among them. Explanation-based neural network learning (EBNN) is a machine learning algorithm that transfers knowledge across multiple learning tasks. When faced with a new learning task, EBNN exploits domain knowledge accumulated in previous learning tasks to guide generalization in the new one. As a result, EBNN generalizes more accurately from less data than comparable methods.;describes the basic EBNN paradigm and investigates it in the context of supervised learning, reinforcement learning, robotics, and chess.;The paradigm of lifelong learning - using earlier learned knowledge to improve subsequent learning - is a promising direction for a new generation of machine learning algorithms. Given the need for more accurate learning methods, it is difficult to imagine a future for machine learning that does not include this paradigm.;From the Foreword by Tom M. Mitchell.
The evolution of modern computers began more than 50 years ago and has been driven to a large extend by rapid advances in electronic technology during that period. The first computers ran one application (user) at a t...
详细信息
ISBN:
(数字)9781461515531
ISBN:
(纸本)9780792374824;9781461356110
The evolution of modern computers began more than 50 years ago and has been driven to a large extend by rapid advances in electronic technology during that period. The first computers ran one application (user) at a time. Without the benefit of operating systems or compilers, the application programmers were responsible for managing all aspects of the hardware. The introduction of compilers allowed programmers to express algorithms in abstract terms without being concerned with the bit level details of their implementation. Time sharing operating systems took computing systems one step further and allowed several users and/or applications to time share the computing services of com puters. With the advances of networks and software tools, users and applications were able to time share the logical and physical services that are geographically dispersed across one or more networks. Virtual Computing (VC) concept aims at providing ubiquitous open computing services in analogous way to the services offered by Telephone and Elec trical (utility) companies. The VC environment should be dynamically setup to meet the requirements of a single user and/or application. The design and development of a dynamically programmable virtual comput ing environments is a challenging research problem. However, the recent advances in processing and network technology and software tools have successfully solved many of the obstacles facing the wide deployment of virtual computing environments as will be outlined next.
丛书名:
The springerinternationalseries in engineering and computerscience
1000年
In all possible industrial, military and household/personal applications, the number of digital devices operating with data rates of hundreds of Megabits, using processor chips with Gigahertz clocks, has increased ...
详细信息
In all possible industrial, military and household/personal applications, the number of digital devices operating with data rates of hundreds of Megabits, using processor chips with Gigahertz clocks, has increased astronomically. At the same time, a myriad of popular RF receivers like portable telephones, laptop PCs with integrated wireless modems, wireless Internet, and other electronic devices, are becoming ubiquitous, such that the number of sensitive, licit receivers operating within a square kilometer of an urban area can be counted in tens of thousands. In the crowded space that they share, the conjunction of both events is increasing the number of potential interference situations, especially in the upper VHF and UHF regions where spurious radiations are most difficult to contain. There is, in addition, a growing, although controversial, concern about the possible health hazard caused by long exposure to near fields of low power radio transmitters. All these aspects result in a continuous effort for lowering RF radiations.;This new edition of;retains the step-by-step approach for incorporating EMC into every new design, from the ground up. Quite different from other classical EMC books, it approaches the problem from a development engineer's viewpoint, starting with the selection of quieter IC technologies, their implementation into a noise-free printed circuit layout, and the gathering of all these into a low radiation packaging, including I/O filtering, connectors and cables considerations.;Equally far from a cookbook of recipes, all guidelines are supported by thorough, but relatively easy and comprehensive calculated examples, allowing a quantitative design, instead of purely qualitative. New to this edition is material on surface mount techniques, IC's ground-bounce, random-versus-periodic frequency spectra and recent progress in low cost ferrite and filter components. Also included is detailed information on radiation from hig
includes signal processing/systems concepts as well as implementation. While most books on analog filter design briefly present the signal processing/systems concepts, and then concentrate on a variety of filter im...
详细信息
ISBN:
(数字)9780306480126
ISBN:
(纸本)9780792373735;9781475774207
includes signal processing/systems concepts as well as implementation. While most books on analog filter design briefly present the signal processing/systems concepts, and then concentrate on a variety of filter implementation methods, the present book reverses the emphasis, stressing signal processing concepts. Filter implementation topics are presented in Part II: passive filters, and operational amplifier active filters. However, greater emphasis on signal processing/systems concepts is included in Part I of the book than is typical. This emphasis makes the book very appropriate as part of a signal processing curriculum.;Useful Aspects of;extensive use of MATLAB® throughout, with many homework problems involving the use of MATLAB.;will interest anyone with a standard electrical engineering background, with a B.S. degree or beyond, or at the senior level. While designed as a textbook, its numerous practical examples make it useful as a reference for practicing engineers and scientists, particularly those working in systems design or communications.;MATLAB® Examples: A valuable relationship between analog filter theory and analysis and modern digital signal processing is made by the application of MATLAB to both the design and analysis of analog filters. Throughout the book, computer-oriented problems are assigned. The disk that accompanies this book contains MATLAB functions andm-files written specifically for this book. The MATLAB functions on the disk extend basic MATLAB capabilities in terms of the design and analysis of analog filters. The m-files are used in a number of examples in the book. They are included on the disk as an instructional aid.
Information theory is an exceptional field in many ways. Technically, it is one of the rare fields in which mathematical results and insights have led directly to significant engineering payoffs. Professionally, it...
详细信息
ISBN:
(数字)9781461526940
ISBN:
(纸本)9780792394693;9781461361596
Information theory is an exceptional field in many ways. Technically, it is one of the rare fields in which mathematical results and insights have led directly to significant engineering payoffs. Professionally, it is a field that has sustained a remarkable degree of community, collegiality and high standards. James L. Massey, whose work in the field is honored here, embodies the highest standards of the profession in his own career.;The book covers the latest work on: block coding, convolutional coding, cryptography, and information theory. The 44 contributions represent a cross-section of the world's leading scholars, scientists and researchers in information theory and communication. The book is rounded off with an index and a bibliography of publications by James Massey.
The time has come for high-level synthesis. When research into synthesizing hardware from abstract, program-like de scriptions started in the early 1970' s, there was no automated path from the register...
详细信息
ISBN:
(数字)9781461539667
ISBN:
(纸本)9780792391593;9781461367710
The time has come for high-level synthesis. When research into synthesizing hardware from abstract, program-like de scriptions started in the early 1970' s, there was no automated path from the register transfer design produced by high-level synthesis to a complete hardware imple mentation. As a result, it was very difficult to measure the effectiveness of high level synthesis methods; it was also hard to justify to users the need to automate architecture design when low-level design had to be completed manually. Today's more mature CAD techniques help close the gap between an automat ically synthesized design and a manufacturable design. Market pressures encour age designers to make use of any and all automated tools. Layout synthesis, logic synthesis, and specialized datapath generators make it feasible to quickly imple ment a register-transfer design in silicon,leaving designers more time to consider architectural improvements. As IC design becomes more automated, customers are increasing their demands; today's leading edge designers using logic synthesis systems are training themselves to be tomorrow's consumers of high-level synthe sis systems. The need for very fast turnaround, a competitive fabrication market WhlCh makes small-quantity ASIC manufacturing possible, and the ever growing co:n plexity of the systems being designed, all make higher-level design automaton inevitable.
Real-time computing plays a crucial role in our society since an increasing num ber of complex systems rely, in part or completely, on processor control. Ex amples of applications that require real-time co...
详细信息
ISBN:
(数字)9780585280059
Real-time computing plays a crucial role in our society since an increasing num ber of complex systems rely, in part or completely, on processor control. Ex amples of applications that require real-time computing include nuclear power plants, railway switching systems, automotive electronics, air traffic control, telecommunications, robotics, and military systems. In spite of this large application domain, most of the current real-time systems are still designed and implemented using low-level programming and empirical techniques, without the support of a scientific methodology. This approach results in a lack of reliability, which in critical applications may cause serious environmental damage or even loss of life. This book is a basic treatise on real-time computing, with particular emphasis on predictable scheduling algorithms. The main objectives of the book are to introduce the basic concepts of real-time computing, illustrate the most sig nificant results in the field, and provide the basic methodologies for designing predictable computing systems useful in supporting critical control applica tions. The book is written for instructional use and is organized to enable readers without a strong knowledge of the subject matter to quickly grasp the material. Technical concepts are clearly defined at the beginning of each chapter, and algorithm descriptions are reinforced through concrete examples, illustrations, and tables.
暂无评论