摘要： This study was planned with the goal to evaluate the potential contribution of racial disparities in obesity to that in breast cancer specific mortality. Previous studies have found that breast cancer risk is associated with non-modifiable factors such as advancing age (65 years and above), genetic factors (BRCA1,2 etc.), early menarche and family history of breast cancer. Modifiable factors highlighted as increasing risk include alcohol consumption, diet, use of post-menopausal hormone replacement therapy and adiposity/obesity. Non-Hispanic Black women experience consistently worse outcomes and higher recurrence and mortality rates which has been attributed to socio economic status, access to care, genetic and pathologic factors that tend to vary with race. This study aimed to examine this phenomenon at a population level with a focus on obesity and breast cancer specific mortality using an ecologic approach with the US census as a framework (states and Census regions, divisions). SEER-STAT and the CDC BRFSS survey results were tapped as sources for our outcome and exposure data respectively. The Joinpoint Regression Analysis program version 4.9 (National Cancer Institute, 2020) was used to examine trends in overall age-adjusted obesity and mortality rates for the 17 states in the southern US region from 1990-2016. Results: The largest gaps between the races in Obesity Average annual percentage change (AAPC) were in Arkansas (NHW AAPC 4%, NHB 1.9%) and Georgia (NHW AAPC %, NHB -3.2%) with the Non-Hispanic Black women experiencing a slower decline in rates than and Non-Hispanic White women. Non-Hispanic White women experienced a more rapid decline in breast cancer mortality in all states; with the widest gaps in Georgia (NHW AAPC -8.0 %, NHB AAPC -3.2%), Oklahoma (NHW AAPC -6.4 %, -0.5%) and Maryland (NHW AAPC -11.2 %, NHB AAPC -6.7%). Similar findings in many states supported an inference that populations with wide racial disparities in obesity also tended to exper

关键词： 本·阿格尔   生态学马克思主义   异化消费   生态危机   生态社会主义  

摘要： 当前,各种新思潮对经典马克思主义提出了诸多挑战,全球化生态问题迫在眉睫,如何正确看待并分析本·阿格尔的生态学马克思主义思想,正确认识生态学马克思主义思潮,为我们妥善处理生态问题提供了参考价值。本文在思考全球生态问题,建设我国生态文明的时代背景下梳理了国内外有关本·阿格尔思想的相关研究,在文献研究法与历史分析法的基础上对本·阿格尔的生态学马克思主义思想主张进行了全面的研究,深刻总结本·阿格尔生态学马克思主义思想产生的时代背景,即资本主义社会日益加深的生态危机、社会影响日益扩大的生态运动以及对于苏联社会主义实践的反思。在时代的浪潮下,本·阿格尔生态学马克思主义思想结合了马克思、恩格斯关于人和自然关系的理论,吸收了生态学、系统论以及未来学的相关理论,并借鉴了法兰克福学派的部分观点。在研究中,能够看出,本·阿格尔认为异化消费是资本主义社会生态危机的直接根源;“期望破灭了的辩证法”是消除异化消费、缓解生态危机的有效途径;在本·阿格尔对未来社会的构建中,他主张“生态社会主义”的建立,他认为只有分散化、非官僚化的生产组织形式才能够调整异化的消费,实现人与自然的和谐。最后,对本·阿格尔的思想进行客观地评价:本·阿格尔生态学马克思主义思想是推动马克思主义理论创新的重要途径,对于推动社会发展存在一定的进步意义;但是我们也要看到,本·阿格尔的生态学马克思主义思想也存在明显的局限性,他对于资本主义社会矛盾的理解是片面的,提出的稳态经济模式也是难以实现的,导致他关于解决生态危机的途径是具有乌托邦性质的。

关键词： Colombia   Livelihoods   Rural development   Small-scale fisheries   Socio-ecological systems   Tourism  

摘要： Tourism and small-scale fisheries are two of the most important economic sectors in coastal areas, yet the impact of tourism development on fisheries has been understudied within the SSF literature. Within fisheries, the prevailing narrative views tourism as a sustainable development option that will bring socio-economic benefits to the community and reduce pressure on the fishery. In reality, tourism development presents opportunities as well as significant risks to social and ecological dimensions of the fishery but these interactions and possible outcomes are not well documented in the literature. Proactive fisheries management that is designed to accompany and adapt to tourism development is the best way to maximize benefits and minimize risks. However, to anticipate and plan for impacts requires a better understanding of tourism fishery interactions. This dissertation research explores how tourism development impacts small-scale fisheries – first synthesizing the fragmented literature to develop a conceptual framework, then investigating these interactions through an empirical case study in coastal Colombia. The conceptual framework encompasses the range of potential fishery impacts and identifies the primary causal mechanisms that create them. Although outcomes vary, this variation is due to difference in contextual factors related to the characteristics of tourism development, sensitivity of the social-ecological system, and mediating or adaptive capacity of local governance. Therefore, the framework can be combined with local knowledge to support more robust site-specific assessments to inform strategic policy and management interventions. This framework increases the legibility of the fragmented literature but also highlights the need for more in-depth study of tourism impacts on fishing livelihoods and resource use. Within this exiting research, studies document various aspects of tourism-fishery interactions, but it is not clear how they combine to impact

关键词： 教育生态学   现代工匠   人才培养   质量保障   体系构建  

摘要： 职业教育作为教育体系的主要组成部分,由此要注重学生及教师自身现代工匠精神的培养,工匠精神追求完美,由此在职业素养上对学生提出很大的要求.对于职业院校来说其需要改变自身教育教学结构及理念,从课程结构和德育教育两个主要方面来不断提升自身的社会责任感,并积极借助多种不同渠道和方式向社会传输高素质和高素养的人才,加强学生自身的社会认同感,促使工匠精神蔚然成风.

关键词： 作物   植物生理学   实验   高等学校   植物生态学  

ISBN: (纸本)9787030513632

摘要： 本书分为光、二氧化碳、水分、营养及温度生理生态等几部分。每部分介绍相关研究技术和扩展知识，基本实验部分有常用实验，也有较新的、重要的研究技术手段。综合性实验部分提出研究思路，学生可自行设计，训练科研思维，将理论知识与实际结合起来，提高学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。

摘要： 宁波幼儿师范高等专科学校(宁波教育学院)科研处闫艳教授著,浙江大学出版社2020年6月出版。该书作为全国教育科学"十二五"规划2015年度教育部青年课题的研究成果,基于当前教育"管办评分离"改革背景下对教育评估的需求,以及当前基础教育学校评估中存在的诸多"失衡"现状,提出以教育生态学的视野,从整体、动态、系统和关联的角度来构建促进"管办评分离"的基础教育学校评估实践体系:构建基础教育学校评估生态系统、生态环境和生态运行机制,力求形成促进学校发展和基础教育学校评估本身和谐、

摘要： 生态问题是当今国际社会面临的一个重要问题,马尔库塞对发达资本主义的批判为解决生态问题提供了新的思路,对发达工业、技术理性、消费价值的批判,揭示了发达资本主义的政治制度是导致生态问题的主要原因,通过对马尔库塞生态学马克思主义思想的分析,对我们解决当今生态问题具有重要意义。1马尔库塞的生态学马克思主义思想来源马尔库塞的思想发展可以分为三个阶段:

关键词： 秦岭雨蛙   两性异形   种群数量   繁殖生态   生境选择   物种保护  

摘要： 两栖动物具有很高的生态环境价值,不仅能够影响生态平衡,还反映其所处栖息地环境质量,常被视为环境健康的重要指示类群。近年来,受人类活动和全球气候变化的共同影响,两栖动物的栖息地退化、丧失及功能失调问题已日益突出,严重影响了它们的种群结构及所承担的生态功能。全球现已发现雨蛙科Hylidae雨蛙属Hyla物种38种,中国现分布有8种;秦岭雨蛙***作为在秦岭山脉不断变迁中存活下来的物种之一,是我国秦岭山区的特有物种。1964年,人们首次记录到在甘肃有秦岭雨蛙分布,但对其种群生态学从未有过系统性研究。基于此,本研究于2020年5月底至9月,在甘肃开展其种群生态学研究。选取秦岭雨蛙在秦岭最西端分布区——康县为研究地,对该物种的种群生态及物种保护等开展了相关调查研究,以期掌握其在甘肃的种群资源现状,为后续研究和保护这一特有种提供基础性生态学资料。研究期间利用样线法结合样方法、直接计数法、相关性检验、方差分析、主成分分析和线性回归分析等处理方法,研究了秦岭雨蛙的种群生态学问题。主要研究结果如下:（1）野外共捕获到成体秦岭雨蛙共203只（146♂,57♀）,通过度量其14项形态指标并加以分析,得出康县种群秦岭雨蛙雄性平均体长41.55±0.18mm,雌性46.40±0.26 mm,雌雄头体长比为1.117,异形指数为SDI=0.105,雌雄间存在两性异形现象,且雌雄在头长、鼻间距、眼径、鼓膜径、前臂及手长、前臂宽、胫长和后肢全长上存在显著差异（P<0.05）,而在头宽、吻长、眼间距、胫宽和足长上不存在显著差异（P>0.05）,生育力假说可解释其两性异形现象。（2）秦岭雨蛙在不同样地和不同月份间的种群数量均有较大变化,种群数量及密度最大是李家沟样地（34.7只/hm2）、其次是豆坝河样地（29.3只/hm2）,最小的是袁家沟样地（4.0只/hm2）。秦岭雨蛙的偶见率在6、7月份最高,属于严格的夜行性动物。在繁殖期内,秦岭雨蛙雌性数量小于雄性,雌雄总性比为1:2.56,这也符合多数蛙类性比研究结论。秦岭雨蛙平均头体长和体质量均在7月份最大,肥满度在6月份和8月份存在显著差异（P<0.05）,同时雌性的肥满度也高于雄性。（3）通过分析42只雄性秦岭雨蛙录音,发现秦岭雨蛙仅发出单一类型的鸣声,且鸣声的主频分别与头体长、后肢全长、头长呈负相关,鸣声个数与头体长呈负相关,但鸣声时长与头体长呈正相关,鸣声特征可能受到亲缘关系、身体大小以及环境因素影响。秦岭雨蛙雌性平均产卵量为1135.60±26.12粒,平均卵径为1.31±0.01 mm,产卵量主要与头体长、体质量存在正相关,表明雌性可能通过增加自身体型大小来相应地增加腹部容量,以储存更多能量促使产生更多卵。（4）在室温3～4天后,秦岭雨蛙的卵即可孵化完成,此时蝌蚪呈黑色并可自由游动。通过控制密度实验发现,密度对秦岭雨蛙的抑制作用主要发生在变态发育后期,而非前期;其主要原因可能是早期秦岭雨蛙个体小,种内竞争弱,随着个体的生长,对资源需求增加,产生了负密度效应。（5）生境喜好系数分析表明,秦岭雨蛙更偏好栖息于低矮灌木丛、植被盖度较高、大气湿度较高、静水型、距农田较近的生态环境;进一步通过主成分分析表明,秦岭雨蛙对生境的选择主要受到植被因子、温度因子、水源因子、食物因子和人为干扰的影响。

关键词： 帕森斯   马克思   恩格斯   生态学  

摘要： 现代社会经济的迅速发展在尽最大可能满足人类物质需求的同时,也带来了日益严重的生态问题,极大破坏了人与自然的和谐关系。从20世纪中期陆续浮现的“八大公害事件”,直到近年爆发的全球性新冠肺炎,都体现出日益危机的生态问题与人类的生存与发展息息相关。正是意识到生态问题的严重性,霍华德·帕森斯从马克思、恩格斯的著作中汲取了其生态学思想,并对其生态学思想进行了全面总结与分析。在其代表作《马克思斯恩格斯论生态学》一书中,全面总结了马克思对生态、人性和自然的观念,并在此基础上寻求解决生态危机的现实途径。马克思、恩格斯虽然从未声明过自己是否有生态学思想,但是,在帕森斯看来,其观点表明了鲜明的生态学观念,并且马克思、恩格斯的生态学观念是以批判的角度呈现出来的。论文通过梳理和阐述帕森斯生态学马克思主义思想的主要内容和独特内涵,来关照人类所面临的生态与环境危机产生的原因,并且为解决人与自然之间的问题构建一种重要的理论资源。帕森斯在马克思主义视域下对生态与环境问题的思考,同样为我国生态问题的解决打开了一个关键的理论视域。

摘要： The timeline of Germany's nature conservation's movement from the Second German Empire until the end of the Third Reich ebbed and flowed in a pattern that spiraled downward until it was ultimately destroyed by the regime's own arrogance, which put ecological concerns at the bottom of the list of important tasks. Like many of their promises to the German people regarding German hegemony and self-sufficiency, nature conservation suffered the same fate as their blood and soil ideology. Although they came very close to "purifying" the country's blood and race, their commitment to rejuvenating the land fell by the wayside due to priorities of economic expansion and waging war. What we have learned by studying the Nazis during their first years in power is that arguably, they did take nature conservation seriously enough to establish laws and regulations that signaled a new age of animal welfare and the protection of the natural landscape, which conservationists praised them for. We also come to understand that while Hitler spoke in broad terms about the need for Germans to reconnect to the soil, it was a range of actors (both from within the Party and those who made their accommodations with it) who tried to put those ideas into actual practice, with very mixed results. Very little has been spoken of Hitler in this thesis, and that is intentional: readers should understand that he was not the omnipotent Fuhrer that we understand him to be, especially when it came to nature conservation. The only instance we can be sure of regarding Hitler's concerns for nature conservation was his admiration for animals and his correlation to the various animal protection laws that were passed in the early years with his stamp of approval. This is not meant to use his sympathy for animals as an excuse for his lack of sympathy towards certain groups of people. If anything, this underscores his manic outlook on the importance of animal life, disregarding human life in exchange, especially