关键词： 物理化学实验   科教融合   教学改革   创新能力  

摘要： 阐述了科教融合对化工专业本科生创新能力培养的必要性,针对现阶段物理化学实验教学模式存在的问题,开展加强以“科”导“教”,用科研提升教学;以“教”助“科”,教学为科研夯实基础;优化教学评估,提升科研兴趣;奖励科研成果,提高课程影响力,反哺物理化学实验教学等四个方面的改革措施。以2021级化工专业学生为对象来实施,结果发现,在新的科教融合的教学模式下,学生的成绩和科研能力都得到显著提高,培养了学生的创新能力和科学素养。

关键词： 单元教学设计   初中化学   把握教材   传统教材   化学知识   系统性思维   纵向联系   知识单元  

摘要： 大单元教学是一种以打破传统教材章节限制,整合教学内容,优化教学过程为核心的教学模式。它超越了单一知识点的教学,强调宏观把握教材,重构教学内容,构建主题鲜明、逻辑严密、联系紧密的知识单元。大单元教学设计的首要特征是内容的高度整合。它跳出单一章节的局限,从学科的宏观结构出发,将不同章节的相关知识进行纵向联系、横向贯通,形成逻辑连贯、结构完整的知识单元。学生需要掌握化学知识的主线和分支,将各个知识点按照层次和逻辑顺序组织,形成结构化的学习体系。这样的学习方式培养了学生的系统性思维,使他们能更好地理解化学知识的内在本质,逐渐建构完整的化学知识体系。

关键词： 内容要素   化学工艺   英语交流   化学工程   教辅材料   专业知识技能   化学材料   教学文本  

摘要： 立足高校课程体系分析,ESP(专门用途英语)既属于英语课程教学范畴,又与专业课程内容存在密切的关系,是典型的“复合型课程”。以化学工程与工艺专业英语为分析对象,一方面,该课程包含大量化学工艺、化学分析、化学工程、化学材料等相关的内容要素,这是教学文本(教科书、教辅材料等)编写过程中不可或缺的素材。另一方面,该课程内容采取英语表述形式,围绕词汇、语法、句式、时态等展开,教学重心并不在化学工程、化学工艺相关的专业知识技能上,而在于英语交流、书写、翻译等实操素养。

关键词： 基础实验   无机化学   育人实践   创新能力  

摘要： “无机化学实验”作为化工类本科生大一学年的基础实验课程,在实践育人方面起到承前启后的重要作用。通过结合基础实验课程特点,以教学内容实施“三联动”、教学设计构建“三融合”、教学大纲改革“六方向”为改革切入点,使课程具有融合基础操作、能力培养和价值引领的多维教学功能,形成全面育人的实践课程改革体系,以期培养专业扎实、品格高尚的优秀拔尖人才。

关键词： Simulated annealing  

摘要： Existing machine learning methods are difficult to apply to complex and large buildings with many design variables, and the design conditions are simplified in the formulation of optimal design problem. This paper presents a method using reinforcement learning of multi-agent for the problem of minimizing material volume of 3D-steel frames. In the learning process, two agents select the member and its cross-sectional dimension, respectively, with simple neural networks with small number of input features of local information. The numerical examples show that the method exploiting the two agents can optimize cross-sectional dimensions more efficiently than simulated annealing and local search. © 2025 Architectural Institute of Japan. All rights reserved.

关键词： Karst spring   Hydrogeology   Hydrochemistry   Environmental isotopes   Iran  

摘要： Understanding the hydrogeology of karst aquifers is essential for developing a comprehensive drinking-water safety plan for the Hashtgerd Basin in north Iran. This study investigates the development and dynamics of karst aquifers and their interaction with alluvial aquifers in the region, which is crucial for ensuring sustainable water resources. Approximately 15% of the basin is covered by karst rocks, supplying 30% of the area's drinking water. The hydrodynamical, hydrochemical, and isotopic properties of water from six springs, four Qanats, and four alluvial wells during wet and dry seasons are analyzed. Findings indicate that the predominant water types in all samples are calcium and magnesium-bicarbonate, resulting from the dissolution of calcite and dolomite. A linear relationship (close to the local meteoric water line) was found between delta O-18 and delta H-2 contents of precipitation, surface water, karst water, and alluvial water, with ranges from -10 to +2 parts per thousand and from -70 to +7 parts per thousand, respectively (vs Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water). No clear effect of evaporation processes on water isotopic content was detected. Hydrograph analysis suggests short water residence times (a few months) in the karst aquifers. The study concludes that pumping from new wells in the downstream alluvial aquifer could damage karst springs, as some of the karst water discharges into the alluvium. These findings provide critical insights for the sustainable management of the region's water resources.

关键词： Solubility control   Leachate chemistry   Potentially toxic elements   Mine tailings   Neutral drainage   Hydrogeochemical characterization  

摘要： This study investigated the hydrogeochemical characteristics of a tailings storage facility (TSF) from an abandoned copper (Cu) mine, where circumneutral drainage is observed. Surface drainage streams of the tailings, tailings pore water, and seepage were analyzed to determine the TSF water chemistry. The mineralogy and chemical composition of the tailings were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The tailings contain elevated Cu, up to 2530 mg/kg, and zinc (Zn), up to 2390 mg/kg. However, Cu and Zn were not leachable from the tailings bored cores and remained undetected in the tailings pore water. Mineralogical analysis of the bored cores identified pyrite, calcite, chlorite, and goethite, while pore water revealed elevated concentrations of calcium (Ca), up to 485 mg/L and sulfate (SO42-), up to 1720 mg/L. Thermodynamic modeling suggests pyrite oxidation and calcite dissolution are controlling the Ca-SO42- dominated water chemistry, maintaining a circumneutral pH ranging from 6.1 to 7.3. These conditions promote the precipitation of ferrihydrite and goethite, which may sequester the potentially toxic elements in the pore water. Sequential extraction confirmed the limited mobility of Cu and iron (Fe), which were strongly partitioned in the oxidizable and residual phases. Although acid-base accounting (ABA) indicates that the tailings remain susceptible to acid generation, the findings suggest the historical use of artificial neutralizing agents containing calcite during tailings disposal. This is derived from the correlation between the mineralogical compositions in the bored cores and the solubility controlling phases in the tailings water. Subsequently, the tailings indicate neutral drainage, leading to decreased potentially toxic element mobility;the predicted lifespan of the inorganic carbon in the calcite is estimated to last several hundred years before depletion.

关键词： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy  

摘要： To explore variations in chemical composition and evolutionary trends between vitrain and durain during anaerobic microbial degradation, we performed simulation experiments on hydrocarbon generation through anaerobic microbial degradation using samples from No.2 coal seam (raw coal, vitrain, and durain) sourced from the Jurassic Yan'an Formation in the Huangling Mining area. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques were utilized for analyzing changes in functional group structures as well as microcrystalline structural evolution at different stages (I, II, III) of degraded coals. The results indicate that the cumulative methane production from mirror coal and dark coal was 343.58 μmol/g and 281.13 μmol/g, respectively. The peak gas production time for vitrain occurs 14 days earlier compared to that of durain. Notably, the peak gas production time for vitrain occurred two week earlier compared to durain. Furthermore, vitrain exhibits a substantially higher proportion of highly substituted aromatic hydrocarbons in comparison to durain. Additionally, the aliphatic structure exhibits a greater abundance of side chains in vitrain. On the other hand, durain is characterized by an enrichment of oxygen-containing functional groups and aromatic structures, along with a more stable microcrystalline structure. Microbial degradation primarily affected the unstable side chains of the aliphatic structure. Under microbial degradation, the CH2/CH3 ratio of the aliphatic structure in vitrain and durain increased from 2.20 to 2.36 and from 1.77 to 2.17, respectively. The aromatic carbon content remained virtually unchanged, with variations not exceeding 0.05. Additionally, other functional groups did not exhibit a consistent trend. Among the microcrystalline structural parameters, both the stacking degree and the number of stacking layers for vitrain and durain exhibited a decrease. Specifically, the Lc values decreased from 1.28 nm and 1.38 nm to 1.22

关键词： Radiocarbon dating   Mine seepages   Hydrochemical interpretations   Saline water   Vibrating wire piezometer  

摘要： We used hydrogeochemical and isotopic analyses to determine the source of groundwater in the Gohar-Zamin iron mine in south-central Iran. Through three phases of groundwater sample collection from seeps and boreholes, a total of 75 samples were gathered for analysis, including 12 samples containing metals and semi-metals and stable isotopic data (D and O-18), five samples containing C-14 and C-13, and another five samples containing H-3 data. Statistical analysis, as well as a time series of groundwater levels recorded in boreholes and multi-level vibrating wire piezometers, confirmed the multi-layered nature of the aquifer system, which includes at least three to four distinct aquifers. All the samples were saline and brackish water (EC > 4 mS cm(-1)), with a predominant sequence of Cl--SO42--HCO3--NO3-, and Na+-Ca2(+)-Mg2(+)-K+ for anions and cations, respectively. Conservative tracers (Cl, Br, and B) and stable isotopes demonstrated that the Kheirabad Salt Lake (approximate to 13 km north of the mine) is not likely the groundwater source. Radiocarbon and tritium age dating suggest that most of the groundwater in the mining area infiltrated during the Holocene and late Pleistocene epochs (paleowater) rather than being replenished by recent rainfall. However, hydrochemical variations observed in samples collected during the wet season are generally attributed to the mixing of groundwater with surface water infiltrating through fractures around the mine pit.

关键词： Carbon dioxide  

摘要： CO2-enhanced coalbed methane recovery (CO2-ECBM) is a key method for CO2 geological utilization and sequestration. It holds promise for addressing challenges such as soft, low-permeability coal seams with difficult gas extraction, poor development performance, rapid production decline, and low recovery rates, as exemplified by the Huainan coalfield. The geochemical interactions of CO2 injection into coal seams and inorganic minerals in coal can alter the pore-fracture structure and permeability of the coal, significantly influencing CO2 sequestration capacity and methane production enhancement. Therefore, considering the effects of effective stress, temperature, and geochemical interactions-including competitive adsorption, diffusion, seepage of CO2 and CH4, and CO2-water-coal geochemical interactions, as well as their impact on the dynamic evolution of coal seam porosity and permeability-a fully coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical mathematical model was developed for the seepage-stress-temperature-chemical interactions in CO2-injected coal reservoirs. Numerical simulation studies on CO2-ECBM were conducted for the Huainan coalfield to analyze the effect of geochemical interactions on CH4 production enhancement during CO2 injection, as well as the influence of injection pressure, initial permeability, and water saturation on CH4 production and CO2 sequestration. The results showed a high degree of consistency between the mathematical model and experimental outcomes, with the average error range for CH4 and CO2 mixture volumetric fractions and production rates falling within 1%−10%. Compared to scenarios ignoring CO2-water-coal geochemical interactions, the cumulative CH4 production decreased by 11%, while cumulative CO2 storage increased by 19.8%, indicating that neglecting geochemical interactions could lead to an overestimation of CH4 production and underestimation of CO2 storage capacity. Higher injection pressures and initial permeability of coal reservoirs