Lightweight design of SM4 algorithm and realization of threshold scheme

作     者：B W Chen X Xia Q M Liang W D Zhong 

作者机构：Academy of cryptographic engineering Engineering University of PAP Xi'an Shanxi 710086 China Academy of information engineering Engineering University of PAP Xi'an Shanxi 710086 China Key Laboratory of PAP of Network and Information Security of Engineering University of PAP Xi'an Shanxi 710086 China 

出 版 物：《Journal of Physics: Conference Series》 

年 卷 期：2021年第1871卷第1期

学科分类：07[理学] 0702[理学-物理学] 

摘      要：Aiming at the lightweight design of SM4 cryptographic algorithm, a lightweight cryptographic algorithm scheme is proposed and implemented in hardware. Based on the work of Li et al., a 4-bit S-box is selected. The original 8-bit look-up table S-box in the SM4 algorithm is replaced with a 4-bit cyclic shift S-box, and the same circuit structure is used to save resources in hardware implementation. A threshold scheme based on the principle of secret sharing is proposed to improve the overall security of the scheme against side-channel attacks. The input information is divided into three groups, and all operations are converted from GF(24) to GF(22) through a multiplier and a squarer, which further reduces the circuit consumption and improves the security of the algorithm. In the realization of the threshold scheme, virtual values are intro-duced to ensure that the scheme meets the uniformity, and the decomposition method is used in the inverter to re-duce the number of operations and the proportion of space. After theoretical deduction, the threshold scheme as a whole has the ability to resist first-order and second-order DPA attacks. The overall hardware implementation of the program uses a total of 2803 logic elements, which proves that it achieves the goal of lightweight while ensuring safety.