Mental Models of a Mobile Shoe Rack

作     者：Rueben, Matthew Klow, Jeffrey Duer, Madelyn Zimmerman, Eric Piacentini, Jennifer Browning, Madison Bernieri, Frank J. Grimm, Cindy M. Smart, William D. 

作者机构：University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States Oregon State University CorvallisOR97330 United States Institute School of Psychological Science Interaction Lab in the Department of Computer Science 

出 版 物：《ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction》 (ACM Trans. Hum. Robot Interact)

年 卷 期：2021年第10卷第2期

核心收录：

基　　金：M. Rueben is located at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA. He is with the Interaction Lab in the Department of Computer Science. All other authors are located at Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA. Klow, Grimm, and Smart are with the Collaborative Robotics and Intelligent Systems (CoRIS) Institute. Bernieri is with the School of Psychological Science. Duer, Zimmerman, Piacentini, and Browning are undergraduate students. M. Rueben’s work was partially supported by an NSF NRI grant for "Socially Aware, Expressive, and Personalized Mobile Remote Presence: Co-Robots as Gateways to Access to K-12 In-School Education," Grant No. NSF IIS-1528121. Authors’ addresses: M. Rueben, University of Southern California, Ronald Tutor Hall, Room 423, 3710 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089 email: mrueben@usc.edu J. Klow, M. Duer, E. Zimmerman, J. Piacentini, M. Browning, F. J. Bernieri, C. M. Grimm, and W. D. Smart, Oregon State University, 101 Covell Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 emails: {klowj, duerma, zimmerer, piacentj, brownim2, frank.bernieri, cindy.grimm, smartw}@oregonstate.edu 

主　　题：Anthropomorphic robots 

摘      要：Most people do not have direct access to knowledge about the inner workings of robots. Instead, they must develop mental models of the robot, a process that is not well understood. This article presents findings from a long-term, in-the-wild, qualitative, hypothesis-generating study of the mental model formation process. The focus was on how (qualitatively) users form mental models of the robot-specifically its perceptual capabilities, rules of behavior, and communication with other humans. Participants of diverse ages had multiple interactions with the robot over six weeks in a non-laboratory setting. The robot s rules of behavior were changed every two weeks. A novel, non-anthropomorphic robot was created for the study with a realistic use case: Storing people s shoes during a yoga class. This article reports findings from a case study analysis of 28 interviews conducted over six weeks with six participants. These findings are organized into six topics: (1) variability in the rate at which mental models are updated to be more predictive, (2) types of reasoning and hypothesizing about the robot, (3) borrowing from existing mental models and use of imagination, (4) attributing sensing capabilities where there are no visible sensors, (5) judgments about whether the robot is autonomous or teleoperated, and (6) experimenting with the robot. Specific suggestions for future research are given throughout, culminating in a set of study design recommendations. This work demonstrates the fruitfulness of long-term, in-the-wild studies of human-robot interaction, of which mental model formation is a foundational aspect. © 2021 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).