A VNS Algorithm for PID Controller: Hardware-In-The-Loop Approach

作     者：Silva, Guilherme Silva, Pedro Santos, Valeria Rego Segundo, Alan Kardek Luz, Eduardo Moreira, Gladston 

作者机构：Univ Fed Ouro Preto Control & Automat Engn BR-35400000 Ouro Preto MG Brazil Univ Fed Ouro Preto Comp Dept BR-35400000 Ouro Preto MG Brazil 

出 版 物：《IEEE LATIN AMERICA TRANSACTIONS》 (IEEE. Lat. Am. Trans.)

年 卷 期：2021年第19卷第9期

页      面：1502-1510页

核心收录：

主　　题：Genetic algorithms Hardware Manuals IEEE transactions Drones Cyber-physical systems Benchmark testing VNS Cyber-physical systems Proportional Integral Derivative Self-tuning Hardware-in-the-loop 

摘      要：Tuning the Proportional Integral Derivative, or PID, controller in cyber-physical systems is a major challenge as it requires advanced mathematical skills. Several authors in the literature have shown that optimization algorithms are efficient for auto-adjust PID controller constants, especially when there is no mathematical modeling. However, the literature lacks works that show the efficiency of the Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) algorithm to auto-adjust the PID. In this work, we investigate the efficiency of the Variable Neighborhood Algorithm to fine-tune a PID controller of a real cyber physical-system: a birotor flying drone. The approach consists of applying a numerical neighborhood structure to optimize the three constants of the PID, according to a proposed fitness function. Experiments reveal the feasibility of fine-tuning the PID controller and the birotor balancing with the Variable Neighborhood Algorithm with reduced time. We compared the VNS-approach against one based on genetic algorithms, and on average, the VNS-approach achieves better results with lower computational and memory costs. Results suggest that the approach may be used in real or commercial systems, helping to fine-tune the controller to new environment changes or even last-minute project modifications.