Synchronization dynamics on power grids in Europe and the United States

作     者：Géza Ódor Shengfeng Deng Bálint Hartmann Jeffrey Kelling 

作者机构：Centre for Energy Research Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science H-1525 Budapest Hungary Centre for Energy Research Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety H-1525 Budapest Hungary Faculty of Natural Sciences Technische Universität Chemnitz 09111 Chemnitz Germany Department of Information Services and Computing Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf 01314 Dresden Germany 

出 版 物：《Physical Review E》 (物理学评论E辑：统计、非线性和软体物理学)

年 卷 期：2022年第106卷第3期

页      面：034311-034311页

核心收录：

学科分类：07[理学] 070203[理学-原子与分子物理] 0702[理学-物理学] 

基　　金：Hungarian National Research  Development and Innovation Office NKFIH  (K128989) 

主　　题：Critical phenomena Electric power transmission Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics Synchronization 

摘      要：Dynamical simulation of the cascade failures on the Europe and United States (U.S.) high-voltage power grids has been done via solving the second-order Kuramoto equation. We show that synchronization transition happens by increasing the global coupling parameter K with metasatble states depending on the initial conditions so that hysteresis loops occur. We provide analytic results for the time dependence of frequency spread in the large-K approximation and by comparing it with numerics of d=2,3 lattices, we find agreement in the case of ordered initial conditions. However, different power-law (PL) tails occur, when the fluctuations are strong. After thermalizing the systems we allow a single line cut failure and follow the subsequent overloads with respect to threshold values T. The PDFs p(Nf) of the cascade failures exhibit PL tails near the synchronization transition point Kc. Near Kc the exponents of the PLs for the U.S. power grid vary with T as 1.4≤τ≤2.1, in agreement with the empirical blackout statistics, while on the Europe power grid we find somewhat steeper PLs characterized by 1.4≤τ≤2.4. Below Kc, we find signatures of T-dependent PLs, caused by frustrated synchronization, reminiscent of Griffiths effects. Here we also observe stability growth following the blackout cascades, similar to intentional islanding, but for KKc this does not happen. For TTc, bumps appear in the PDFs with large mean values, known as “dragon king blackout events. We also analyze the delaying or stabilizing effects of instantaneous feedback or increased dissipation and show how local synchronization behaves on geographic maps.