Climatic Changes Around 4,200 Years BP in Coastal Areas of East Asia: Potential Influence on the Chinese Migration to Japan

作     者：Kajita, Hiroto Isaji, Yuta Kato, Rintaro Nishikura, Yoko Murayama, Masafumi Ohkouchi, Naohiko Yang, Shouye Zheng, Hongbo Wang, Ke Nakanishi, Toshimichi Sasaki, Takenori Maeda, Ayumi Suzuki, Atsushi Kawahata, Hodaka 

作者机构：Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University Hirosaki Japan National Institute of Polar Research Research Organization of Information and Systems Tachikawa Japan Biogeochemistry Research Center Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka Japan Geological Survey of Japan National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Japan Department of Earth and Planetary Science Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute The University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science Kochi University Kochi Japan State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji University Shanghai China Research Center for Earth System Science Yunnan University Yunnan China School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Queensland QLD Australia Museum of Natural and Environmental History Shizuoka Japan 

出 版 物：《SSRN》 

年 卷 期：2022年

核心收录：

主　　题：Climate change 

摘      要：Climate change during the Holocene is thought to have had a significant impact on human migration and development. In Japan, the earliest prehistoric culture based on hunting and gathering began about 16,000 years ago (the Jomon era). At least 3,000 years ago, people with paddy rice cultivation skills migrated from mainland China, causing an explosion of population growth, lifestyle changes, and changes to the level of civilisation (Yayoi era). To clarify the climatic changes that potentially led to the movement of the Yayoi people to Japan, we analysed the palaeotemperature changes recorded in coastal marine sediment cores obtained from the Zhejiang coast in China, where the first paddy rice cultivation occurred, and northern Kyushu Island, where it was introduced to Japan. The reconstructed temperature fluctuations over the past 7,000 years from both sites were similar on the scale of hundreds to thousands of years. The cold periods that occurred approximately 300 and 4,200 years ago, which are related to the Little Ice Age and 4.2 ka events, respectively, may have been caused by modulations of the East Asian summer monsoon. Our study suggests that enhanced coastal upwelling may have amplified the cold climate of the 4.2 ka event on the Zhejiang coast. Our results support the recently proposed hypothesis that climate change prompted the collapse of the Yangtze civilisation and the migration of paddy rice farmers to other parts of Asia, including Japan. In contrast, the Jomon people, who still survived mainly based on hunting and gathering at that time, might have avoided a major population collapse. The differences in climatic changes and their possible impacts on human civilisations on both sides of the Yellow Sea can explain the migration-related population changes that have been observed in analyses of their DNA haplogroups. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.