Real-Time AIoT for UAV Antenna Interference Detection via Edge-Cloud Collaboration

作     者：Dong, Jun Cheng, Jintao Wu, Jin Zhang, Chengxi Zhao, Shunyi Tang, Xiaoyu 

作者机构：School of Data Science and Engineering Xingzhi College South China Normal University Shanwei516600 China School of Physics South China Normal University Guangzhou510006 China Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Key Laboratory of Advanced Control for Light Industry Processes Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi214122 China School of Electronics and Information Engineering Xingzhi College South China Normal University Shanwei516600 China 

出 版 物：《arXiv》 (arXiv)

年 卷 期：2024年

核心收录：

主　　题：Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) 

摘      要：In the fifth-generation (5G) era, eliminating communication interference sources is crucial for maintaining network performance. Interference often originates from unauthorized or malfunctioning antennas, and radio monitoring agencies must address numerous sources of such antennas annually. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can improve inspection efficiency. However, the data transmission delay in the existing cloud-only (CO) artificial intelligence (AI) mode fails to meet the low latency requirements for real-time performance. Therefore, we propose a computer vision-based AI of Things (AIoT) system to detect antenna interference sources for UAVs. The system adopts an optimized edge-cloud collaboration (ECC+) mode, combining a keyframe selection algorithm (KSA), focusing on reducing end-to-end latency (E2EL) and ensuring reliable data transmission, which aligns with the core principles of ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). At the core of our approach is an end-to-end antenna localization scheme based on the tracking-by-detection (TBD) paradigm, including a detector (EdgeAnt) and a tracker (AntSort). EdgeAnt achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance with a mean average precision (mAP) of 42.1% on our custom antenna interference source dataset, requiring only 3 million parameters and 14.7 GFLOPs. On the COCO dataset, EdgeAnt achieves 38.9% mAP with 5.4 GFLOPs. We deployed EdgeAnt on Jetson Xavier NX (TRT) and Raspberry Pi 4B (NCNN), achieving real-time inference speeds of 21.1 (1088) and 4.8 (640) frames per second (FPS), respectively. Compared with CO mode, the ECC+ mode reduces E2EL by 88.9%, increases accuracy by 28.2%. Additionally, the system offers excellent scalability for coordinated multiple UAVs inspections. The detector code is publicly available at https://***/SCNURISLAB/EdgeAnt. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.