Timing-Skew Calibration Techniques in Time-Interleaved ADCs

作     者：Gu, Mingyang Tao, Yunsong Zhong, Yi Jie, Lu Sun, Nan 

作者机构：Tsinghua Univ Dept Elect Engn Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ State Key Lab Space Network & Commun Beijing Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Sch Integrated Circuits Beijing 100084 Peoples R China 

出 版 物：《IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF THE SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS SOCIETY》 (IEEE. Open. J. Solid. State. Circuit. Soc.)

年 卷 期：2025年第5卷

页      面：1-10页

核心收录：

基　　金：NSFC [62090042, 62374098, 62434005] National Key Research and Development Program of China [2019YFB2205003] Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chip 

主　　题：Calibration Timing Clocks Bandwidth Jitter Time-domain analysis Threshold voltage Standards Delay lines Accuracy Analog-to-digital converter (ADC) calibration time-interleaved (TI) ADC timing skew timing-skew calibration 

摘      要：Time-interleaved (TI) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are a widely used architecture in high-speed ADCs. With the growing demand for higher sampling rates, time interleaving plays an increasingly important role. However, imperfections introduced by time interleaving, particularly timing skew, significantly limit the ADC performance. This article presents a comprehensive review of timing skew and its calibration techniques in TI ADCs. It covers the fundamentals of time interleaving, the principle of timing skew, and general considerations of timing-skew calibration. Moreover, it categorizes existing calibration techniques into three types: 1) autocorrelation-based;2) reference-channel-based;and 3) reference-signal-based, and provides detailed analyses.