Record High Temperatures in the Ocean in 2024

作     者：Lijing CHENG John ABRAHAM Kevin E.TRENBERTH James REAGAN Huai-Min ZHANG Andrea STORTO Karina VON SCHUCKMANN Yuying PAN Yujing ZHU Michael E.MANN Jiang ZHU Fan WANG Fujiang YU Ricardo LOCARNINI John FASULLO Boyin HUANG Garrett GRAHAM Xungang YIN Viktor GOURETSKI Fei ZHENG Yuanlong LI Bin ZHANG Liying WAN Xingrong CHEN Dakui WANG Licheng FENG Xiangzhou SONG Yulong LIU Franco RESEGHETTI Simona SIMONCELLI Gengxin CHEN Rongwang ZHANG Alexey MISHONOV Zhetao TAN Wangxu WEI Huifeng YUAN Guancheng LI Qiuping REN Lijuan CAO Yayang LU Juan DU Kewei LYU Albertus SULAIMAN Michael MAYER Huizan WANG Zhanhong MA Senliang BAO Henqian YAN Zenghong LIU Chunxue YANG Xu LIU Zeke HAUSFATHER Tanguy SZEKELY Flora GUES Lijing CHENG;John ABRAHAM;Kevin E.TRENBERTH;James REAGAN;Huai-Min ZHANG;Andrea STORTO;Karina VON SCHUCKMANN;Yuying PAN;Yujing ZHU;Michael E.MANN;Jiang ZHU;Fan WANG;Fujiang YU;Ricardo LOCARNINI;John FASULLO;Boyin HUANG;Garrett GRAHAM;Xungang YIN;Viktor GOURETSKI;Fei ZHENG;Yuanlong LI;Bin ZHANG;Liying WAN;Xingrong CHEN;Dakui WANG;Licheng FENG;Xiangzhou SONG;Yulong LIU;Franco RESEGHETTI;Simona SIMONCELLI;Gengxin CHEN;Rongwang ZHANG;Alexey MISHONOV;Zhetao TAN;Wangxu WEI;Huifeng YUAN;Guancheng LI;Qiuping REN;Lijuan CAO;Yayang LU;Juan DU;Kewei LYU;Albertus SULAIMAN;Michael MAYER;Huizan WANG;Zhanhong MA;Senliang BAO;Henqian YAN;Zenghong LIU;Chunxue YANG;Xu LIU;Zeke HAUSFATHER;Tanguy SZEKELY;Flora GUES

作者机构：National Key Laboratory of Earth System Numerical Modeling and ApplicationInstitute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of St.ThomasSchool of EngineeringMinnesota 55105USA NSF National Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulderColorado 80307USA University of AucklandAuckland 0630New Zealand National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationNational Centers for Environmental InformationSilver SpringMaryland 20910USA National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationNational Centers for Environmental InformationAshevilleNC 28801USA National Research Council(CNR)Institute of Marine Sciences(ISMAR)Rome 00133Italy Mercator Ocean InternationalToulouse 31400France Department of Earth and Environmental ScienceUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania 19104USA Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China National Marine Environmental Forecasting CenterMinistry of Natural Resources of ChinaBeijing 100081China North Carolina Institute for Climate Studies(NCICS)North Carolina State UniversityAshevilleNC 28804USA Oceanographic Data CenterChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China College of OceanographyHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China National Marine Data and Information ServiceTianjin 300171China Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e VulcanologiaSede di BolognaBologna 40128Italy South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China ESSIC/CISESS-MDUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20740USA Computer Network Information CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083China Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Research CenterPearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment AdministrationMinistry of Ecology and EnvironmentGuangzhou 510611China National Meteorological Information CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development GoalsBeijing 100094China Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Research Center for Climate and AtmosphereNational Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)40173Indonesia Research DepartmentEuropean Centre for Medium-Range Weather ForecastsReading RG29AXUK Department of Meteorology and GeophysicsUniversity of ViennaVienna 1090Austria College of Meteorology and OceanographyNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment DynamicsSecond Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China StripeInc.South San FranciscoCA 94080USA Ocean ScopeBrest 29200France CELADBalma 31130France 

出 版 物：《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 (大气科学进展(英文版))

年 卷 期：2025年第42卷第6期

页      面：1092-1109页

核心收录：

学科分类：07[理学] 0707[理学-海洋科学] 

基　　金：supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2023YFF0806500) the International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.060GJHZ2024064MI) the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Research Council of Italy Scientific Cooperative Programme the new Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE the National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project “Earth System Science Numerical Simulator Facility” (Earth Lab), and Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions (ONCE) sponsored by the US National Science Foundation supported by the Young Talent Support Project of Guangzhou Association for Science and Technology the Open Research Cruise NORC2022-10+NORC2022-303 supported by NSFC shiptime Sharing Projects 42149910 supported by NASA Awards 80NSSC17K0565, 80NSSC21K1191, and 80NSSC22K0046 by the Regional and Global Model Analysis (RGMA) component of the Earth and Environmental System Modeling Program of the U.S.Department of Energy’s Office of Biological & Environmental Research (BER) via National Science Foundation IA 1947282 supported by NOAA (Grant No.NA19NES4320002 to CISESS-MD at the University of Maryland) supported by the Austrian Science Fund (P33177) ESA (contract ref.4000145298/24/I-LR) 

主　　题：ocean heat content sea surface temperature ocean temperature global warming climate 

摘      要：Heating in the ocean has continued in 2024 in response to increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere,despite the transition from an El Ni?o to neutral conditions. In 2024, both global sea surface temperature(SST) and upper2000 m ocean heat content(OHC) reached unprecedented highs in the historical record. The 0–2000 m OHC in 2024exceeded that of 2023 by 16 ± 8 ZJ(1 Zetta Joules = 1021 Joules, with a 95% confidence interval)(IAP/CAS data), which is confirmed by two other data products: 18 ± 7 ZJ(CIGAR-RT reanalysis data) and 40 ± 31 ZJ(Copernicus Marine data,updated to November 2024). The Indian Ocean, tropical Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Southern Ocean also experienced record-high OHC values in 2024. The global SST continued its record-high values from2023 into the first half of 2024, and declined slightly in the second half of 2024, resulting in an annual mean of 0.61°C ±0.02°C(IAP/CAS data) above the 1981–2010 baseline, slightly higher than the 2023 annual-mean value(by 0.07°C ±0.02°C for IAP/CAS, 0.05°C ± 0.02°C for NOAA/NCEI, and 0.06°C ± 0.11°C for Copernicus Marine). The record-high values of 2024 SST and OHC continue to indicate unabated trends of global heating.