Analysis of the Degradation Products of the Organic Materials Present in the c-Si PV Modules, Emitted during a Pyrolysis Treatment and Recycling Strategy for Circular and Sustainable Development

作     者：Patel, Krishan Kumar Mallick, Sudhanshu 

作者机构：Department of Metallurgical Engineering & Materials Science Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India Council of Scientific Industrial Research (CSIR)- Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI) MP Bhopal 46026 India 

出 版 物：《Circular Economy and Sustainability》 (Circ. Econ. Sustain.)

年 卷 期：2025年第5卷第3期

页      面：1949-1962页

基　　金：Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IITB Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa, CSIR 

主　　题：EVA encapsulant FTIR Pyrolysis PV module Recycling TGA-MS 

摘      要：The spent photovoltaic (PV) module predicts that by 2050, there would be 78 million tons of trash worldwide. In order to facilitate the net-zero energy transition, the PV industry is expanding quickly. Establishing an effective recycling process for spent panels is crucial to reducing their environmental impact. Therefore, the work reported herein, the analysis of the degradation products of the organic materials present in the PV modules, encapsulant, and backsheet, emitted during a pyrolysis treatment. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) coupled with mass spectroscopy (MS), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used extensively for the emitted gas analysis. PV modules encapsulated with Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)– with and without backsheet and sole PVDF backsheet, were tested. Samples was pyrolyzed at three temperatures, i.e., from room temperature to 450 °C, 500 °C, and 550 °C in a nitrogen (N2) environment. The resultant gas emitted was collected in a gas cell for FTIR analysis. Gases evolved in EVA pyrolysis;Acetic acid, CO and CO2 in the first step decomposition, and complex hydrocarbon mixture (cracking of polymer chains) including alkenes, alkanes and aromatic compounds in the second step degradation. Whereas CF2, F2, CH2, C2H2, and C2H6, are gases exclusively observed in PVDF pyrolysis. These gases are generated from the de-acetylation, β-scission, and hydrolytic depolymerization processes. After pyrolysis, residues of cells were processed for stepwise recycling (through the hydrometallurgical route) to facilitate a circular economy and sustainable development to PV industries. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.;1. Spent PV module has become a simultaneous emerging issue in the field of solid waste management. 2. Pyrolysis gas analysis of organic materials present in the c-Si PV modules. 3. Emitted