Analysis of PM2.5 Morphology, Composition and Health Risk in a Multi-Chair Dental Clinic

作     者：Tang, Fengqin Qi, Shengcai Tang, Xiaoshan Wen, Xueyun Zhang, Yiming Peng, Guotao Huang, Jieying Shang, Guangwei Zhang, Xu Chen, Fubo Xu, Yuanzhi Cai, Jing 

作者机构：Department of Stomatology Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China Department of Prosthodontics Shanghai Stomatology Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Tongji University Shanghai China School of Public Health Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment Fudan University Shanghai China 

出 版 物：《Environmental Toxicology》 (Environ. Toxicol.)

年 卷 期：2025年

页      面：2025 Apr 9页

核心收录：

学科分类：1007[医学-药学(可授医学、理学学位)] 0830[工学-环境科学与工程（可授工学、理学、农学学位）] 1201[管理学-管理科学与工程(可授管理学、工学学位)] 0837[工学-安全科学与工程] 0714[理学-统计学（可授理学、经济学学位）] 0701[理学-数学] 10[医学] 

基　　金：This work was supported by the Clinical Research Center of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital (YNCR2C007) Sustainable Development Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan of Shanghai Chongming District Science and Technology Committee's (CKY2021\u201019) Tongji University Medicine\u2010X Interdisciplinary Research Initiative (2025\u20100553\u2010ZD\u201004). Funding:This work was funded by the Clinical Research Center of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital (YNCR2C007), Sustainable Development Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan of Shanghai Chongming District Science and Technology Committee's (CKY2021\u201019), and Tongji University Medicine\u2010X Interdisciplinary Research Initiative (2025\u20100553\u2010ZD\u201004). The authors gratefully acknowledge all the personnel of the dental clinic for their assistance in sampling throughout this work, and we also appreciate Yanling Shen and Liwei An for their helpful laboratory analysis 

主　　题：Air quality 

摘      要：Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) at high concentrations in dental clinics poses significant health risks to healthcare professionals. However, the morphology and chemical composition of PM2.5 in specific environments are not yet fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the concentration, morphology, chemical composition, and health assessment of PM2.5 collected in a multi-chair dental clinic in Shanghai, China. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were performed to observe the morphology and elemental composition of indoor and outdoor PM2.5. Chemicals were measured for their concentrations using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). In the dental clinic, the indoor PM2.5 concentration ranged from 2.01 to 114.59 μg/m3, with a mean of 23.31 μg/m3, while the outdoor PM2.5 concentration ranged from 2.88 to 157.4 μg/m3, with a mean of 30.98 μg/m3. Indoor particles showed more rough, irregular mineralization, which was confirmed as the dominant elements of Ca, P, Si, and zirconia (Zr) by EDS. The average concentrations of Ca, P, Cu, Sr, and Sb indoors were lower than those outdoors (p −6), with values of 3.68 × 10−5, 1.10 × 10,−5 and 5.52 × 10−6, respectively, and the non-carcinogenic risk of Cd was the highest, as illustrated by the Hazard Quotient of 2.04. These findings indicate that dental healthcare professionals may be exposed to PM2.5 containing high concentrations of toxic metals and carcinogenic elements over the long term. This study highlights the importance of protective measures (e.g., the adoption of efficient air purification systems) to minimize the risk of particle inhalation for both patients and professionals. © 2025 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.