Evaporation-Driven Hydrovoltaic Energy Harvesting with Surface-Modified Carbonized Silk Fabrics: Mechanisms and Wearable Applications

作     者：Guo, Xue Wei, Qufu Zhang, Yuxin Liao, Shiqin Hao, Yi Lv, Pengfei 

作者机构：Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles Ministry of Education School of Textile Science and Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi214122 China Jiangxi Center for Modern Apparel Engineering and Technology Jiangxi Institute of Fashion Technology Nanchang330201 China 

出 版 物：《SSRN》 

年 卷 期：2025年

核心收录：

主　　题：Energy harvesting 

摘      要：Evaporation-driven hydrovoltaic energy harvesting offers a sustainable and innovative solution for wearable energy applications. Herein, we report an optimized hydrovoltaic generator based on acid-treated carbonized silk fabrics (ACSF), further functionalized with sodium p-styrene sulfonate (SSS) via in-situ polymerization. The incorporation of oxygen-containing groups (e.g., –COOH and –OH) and sulfonic acid groups (–SO₃H) significantly enhanced the hydrophilicity, surface charge density, and ion transport efficiency of the fabrics. As a result, the optimized PACSF achieved an open-circuit voltage of 288 mV and a short-circuit current of 35 μA under ambient evaporation conditions. The evaporation-driven mechanism was systematically investigated, demonstrating the critical role of surface functionalization in modulating water transport dynamics and charge transfer. PACSF exhibited excellent durability, scalability, and tunable electrical output through serial and parallel connections, enabling practical applications in low-power wearable electronics. This work provides insights into the design of hydrovoltaic materials and their potential for integration into wearable energy systems. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.