High-significance detection of correlation between the unresolved gamma-ray background and the large-scale cosmic structure

作     者：B. Thakore M. Negro M. Regis S. Camera D. Gruen N. Fornengo A. Roodman A. Porredon T. Schutt A. Cuoco A. Alarcon A. Amon K. Bechtol M.R. Becker G.M. Bernstein A. Campos A. Carnero Rosell M. Carrasco Kind R. Cawthon C. Chang R. Chen A. Choi J. Cordero C. Davis J. DeRose H.T. Diehl S. Dodelson C. Doux A. Drlica-Wagner K. Eckert J. Elvin-Poole S. Everett A. Ferté M. Gatti G. Giannini R.A. Gruendl I. Harrison W.G. Hartley E.M. Huff M. Jarvis N. Kuropatkin P.-F. Leget N. MacCrann J. McCullough J. Myles A. Navarro-Alsina S. Pandey J. Prat M. Raveri R.P. Rollins A.J. Ross E.S. Rykoff C. Sánchez L.F. Secco I. Sevilla-Noarbe E. Sheldon T. Shin M.A. Troxel I. Tutusaus B. Yanny B. Yin Y. Zhang M. Aguena D. Brooks J. Carretero L.N. da Costa T.M. Davis J. De Vicente S. Desai P. Doel B. Flaugher J. Frieman J. García-Bellido E. Gaztanaga G. Gutierrez S.R. Hinton D.L. Hollowood K. Honscheid D.J. James K. Kuehn O. Lahav S. Lee M. Lima J.L. Marshall J. Mena-Fernández R. Miquel R.L.C. Ogando A. Palmese A. Pieres A.A. Plazas Malagón S. Samuroff E. Sanchez D. Sanchez Cid M. Smith E. Suchyta G. Tarle V. Vikram A.R. Walker N. Weaverdyck 

作者机构：Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Torino via P. Giuria 1 10125 Torino Italy INFN — Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Torino via P. Giuria 1 10125 Torino Italy University Observatory Faculty of Physics Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Scheinerstr. 1 81679 Munich Germany Department of Physics & Astronomy Nicholson Hall Tower Drive Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 U.S.A. Department of Physics & Astronomy University of the Western Cape Robert Sobukwe Road Bellville 7535 Cape Town South Africa INAF — Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino Strada Osservatorio 20 10025 Pino Torinese Italy Excellence Cluster ORIGINS Boltzmannstr. 2 85748 Garching Germany SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 U.S.A. Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology P.O. Box 2450 Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 U.S.A. Astronomical Institute Faculty of Physics and Astronomy Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Germany Centro de Investigaciones Energ Éticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) Av. Complutense 40 Moncloa Aravaca 28040 Madrid Spain Department of Physics Stanford University 382 Via Pueblo Mall Stanford CA 94305 U.S.A. Institute of Space Sciences (ICE CSIC) Campus UAB Carrer de Can Magrans s/n 08193 Barcelona Spain Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University Peyton Hall Princeton NJ 08544 U.S.A. Physics Department 2320 Chamberlin Hall University of Wisconsin-Madison * 1150 University Avenue Madison WI 53706-1390 U.S.A. Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue Lemont IL 60439 U.S.A. Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania 209 South 33rd Street Philadelphia PA 19104 U.S.A. Department of Physics Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 U.S.A. NSF AI Planning Institute for Physics of the Future Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 U.S.A. Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias E-38205 La Laguna Tenerife Spain Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia — LIneA Rua Gal. José Cristino 77 Rio de Janeiro RJ 20921-400 Brazil Universidad de La Laguna Departamento de Astrofísica E-38206 La Laguna Tenerife Spain Center for Astrophysical Surveys National Center for Supercomputing Applications 1205 West Clark St. Urbana IL 61801 U.S.A. Department of Astronomy University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1002 W. Green Street Urbana IL 61801 U.S.A. Physics Department William Jewell College 500 College Hill Liberty MO 64068 U.S.A. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 U.S.A. Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago 933 East 56th Street Chicago IL 60637 U.S.A. Department of Physics Duke University 120 Science Drive Durham NC 27708 U.S.A. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center 8800 Greenbelt Rd Greenbelt MD 20771 U.S.A. Jodrell Bank Center for Astrophysics School of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL U.K. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 U.S.A. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Kirk Road and Pine Street P.O. Box 500 Batavia IL 60510 U.S.A. Université Grenoble Alpes CNRS LPSC-IN2P3 38000 Grenoble France Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo 200 University Ave W Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Blvd MC 249-17 Pasadena CA 91125 U.S.A. Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University The Parade Cardiff CF24 3AA U.K. Department of Astronomy University of Geneva Chemin d'Écogia 16 CH-1290 Versoix Switzerland Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Dr. Pasadena CA 91109 U.S.A. Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of Cambridge Wilberforce Road Cambridge CB3 0WA U.K. Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin Universidade Estadual de Campinas 13083-859 Campinas SP Brazil Nordita KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University Hannes Alfvéns väg 12 SE-10691 Stockholm Sweden Department of Physics University of Genova and INFN Via Dodecaneso 33 16146 Genova Italy Department of Physics 191 W Woodruff Ave Columbus OH 43210 U.S.A. Brookhaven National Laboratory Bldg 510 Upton NY 11973 U.S.A. Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University 100 Nicolls Road Stony Brook NY 11794 U.S.A. Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP) Université de Toulouse CNRS UPS CNES 14 Av. Edouard Belin 31400 Toulouse France Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory NSF's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory Casilla 603 La Serena Chile Department of Physics & Astronomy University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT U.K. School of Mathematics and Physics University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia Department of Physics IIT Hyderabad Kandi Telangana 502285 India Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Calle Nicolás Cabrera 13–15 28049 Madrid Spain. Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) 08034 Barcelona Spain Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation University of Portsmouth Dennis Sciama Building Burnaby Road Portsmouth PO1 3FX U.K. Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics Natural Sciences 2 Bldg 552 Red Hill Rd Santa Cruz CA 95064 U.S.A. Department of Physics The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 U.S.A. Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street Cambridge MA 02138 U.S.A. Australian Astronomical Optics Macquarie University 105 Delhi Rd North Ryde NSW 2113 Australia Lowell Observatory 1400 Mars Hill Rd Flagstaff AZ 86001 U.S.A. Departamento de Física Matemática Instituto de Física Universidade de São Paulo CP 66318 São Paulo SP 05314-970 Brazil George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy and Department of Physics and Astronomy Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 U.S.A. LPSC Grenoble 53 Avenue des Martyrs 38026 Grenoble France Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats Passeig de Lluís Companys 23 L'Eixample 08010 Barcelona Spain Observatório Nacional Rua Gal. José Cristino 77 Rio de Janeiro RJ 20921-400 Brazil Department of Physics Northeastern University Dana Research Center 100 Forsyth St #111 Boston MA 02115 U.S.A. Physics Department Lancaster University Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4YW U.K. Computer Science and Mathematics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory One Bethel Valley Rd. Oak Ridge TN 37831 U.S.A. Department of Physics University of Michigan 450 Church St Ann Arbor MI 48109 U.S.A. Central University of Kerala Tejaswini Hills Periye (PO) Kasaragod (DT) Kerala 671316 India Department of Astronomy University of California Berkeley 501 Campbell Hall Berkeley CA 94720 U.S.A. 

出 版 物：《Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics》 

年 卷 期：2025年第2025卷第06期

页      面：037-037页

摘      要：Our understanding of the γ-ray sky has improved dramatically in the past decade, however, the unresolved γ-ray background (UGRB) still has a potential wealth of information about the faintest γ-ray sources pervading the Universe. Statistical cross-correlations with tracers of cosmic structure can indirectly identify the populations that most characterize the γ-ray background. In this study, we analyze the angular correlation between the γ-ray background and the matter distribution in the Universe as traced by gravitational lensing, leveraging more than a decade of observations from the Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) and 3 years of data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). We detect a correlation at signal-to-noise ratio of 8.9. Most of the statistical significance comes from large scales, demonstrating, for the first time, that a substantial portion of the UGRB aligns with the mass clustering of the Universe as traced by weak lensing. Blazars provide a plausible explanation for this signal, especially if those contributing to the correlation reside in halos of large mass (∼ 1014M⊙) and account for approximately 30–40% of the UGRB above 10 GeV. Additionally, we observe a preference for a curved γ-ray energy spectrum, with a log-parabolic shape being favored over a power-law. We also discuss the possibility of modifications to the blazar model and the inclusion of additional γ-ray sources, such as star-forming galaxies, misalinged active galactic nuclei, or particle dark matter.