Aerial Damage Survey of the 2013 El Reno Tornado Combined with Mobile Radar Data

作     者：Wakimoto, Roger M. Atkins, Nolan T. Butler, Kelly M. Bluestein, Howard B. Thiem, Kyle Snyder, Jeffrey C. Houser, Jana Kosiba, Karen Wurman, Joshua 

作者机构：Univ Colorado Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci Boulder CO 80309 USA Lyndon State Coll Dept Atmospher Sci Lyndonville VT USA Ohio Univ Dept Geog Athens OH 45701 USA Univ Oklahoma Sch Meteorol Norman OK 73019 USA Univ Oklahoma Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies Norman OK 73019 USA NOAA Natl Severe Storms Lab OAR Norman OK 73069 USA Ctr Severe Weather Res Boulder CO USA 

出 版 物：《MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW》 (天气月评)

年 卷 期：2016年第144卷第5期

页      面：1749-1776页

核心收录：

学科分类：07[理学] 070601[理学-气象学] 0706[理学-大气科学] 

基　　金：National Science Foundation (NSF) RAPID [AGS-1343963, AGS-1242339, AGS-0934307, AGS-1262048] Independent and Research/Development (IRD) program NSF [AGS-1361237, 1447268] Directorate For Geosciences Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences [1447268, 1242339] Funding Source: National Science Foundation Directorate For Geosciences Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences Funding Source: National Science Foundation 

主　　题：Circulation/ Dynamics Tornadogenesis Observational techniques and algorithms Radars/Radar observations Applications Damage assessment 

摘      要：A detailed damage survey of the El Reno, Oklahoma, tornado of 31 May 2013 combined with rapid-scanning data recorded from two mobile radars is presented. One of the radars was equipped with polarimetric capability. The relationship between several suction vortices visually identified in pictures with the high-resolution Doppler velocity data and swath marks in fields is discussed. The suction vortices were associated with small shear features in Doppler velocity and a partial ringlike feature of high spectral width. For the first time, a suction vortex that created a swath mark in a field was visually identified in photographs and high-definition video while the rotational couplet was tracked by radar. A dual-Doppler wind synthesis of the tornadic circulation at low levels near the location of several storm chaser fatalities resolved ground-relative wind speeds in excess of 90 m s(-1), greater than the minimum speed for EF5 damage. The vertical vorticity analysis revealed a rapid transition from a single tornadic vortex centered on the weak-echo hole (WEH) to suction vortices surrounding the WEH and collocated with the ring of enhanced radar reflectivities. Several bands/zones of enhanced convergence were resolved in the wind syntheses. One of the bands was associated with an internal or secondary rear-flank gust front. An inner band of convergence appeared to be a result of the positive bias in tornado-relative radial velocity owing to centrifuging of large lofted debris swirling within the tornado. An outer band of convergence formed at the northern edge of a region of strong inflow that was lofting small debris and dust into the storm.