Layers of Shared and Cooperative Control, assistance and automation

作     者：Pacaux-Lemoine, Marie-Pierre Flemisch, Frank 

作者机构：Fraunhofer Institute for Communication Information Processing and Ergonomics FKIE Fraunhoferstrasse 20 Wachtberg53343 Germany Laboratory of Industrial and Human Automation control Mechanical engineering and Computer Science LAMIH CNRS UMR 8201 University of Valenciennes France 

出 版 物：《IFAC-PapersOnLine》 

年 卷 期：2016年第49卷第19期

页      面：159-164页

核心收录：

主　　题：Automation Man machine systems Attractive systems Automated machines Co operative control Human centered designs Human machine cooperation Information gathering Multi level systems Shared control 

摘      要：Over the last centuries we have experienced scientific, technological and societal progress that enabled the creation of intelligent assisted and automated machines with increasing abilities, and require a conscious distribution of roles and control between humans and machines. Machines can be more than either fully automated or manually controlled, but can work together with the human on different levels of assistance and automation in a hopefully beneficial cooperation. One way of cooperation is that the automation and the human have a shared control over a situation, e.g. a vehicle in an environment. The objective of this paper is to provide a common meta model of shared and cooperative assistance and automation. The meta models based on insight from the H(orse)-methaphor (Flemisch et al, 2003; Goodrich et al., 2006) and Human-Machine Cooperation principles (Hoc and Lemoine, 1998; Pacaux-Lemoine and Debernard, 2002; Pacaux-Lemoine, 2014), are presented and combined in order to propose a framework and criteria to design safe, efficient, ecological and attractive systems. Cooperation is presented from different points of view such as levels of activity (operational, tactical and strategic levels) (Lemoine et al, 1996) as well as the type of function shared between Human and machine (information gathering, information analysis, decision selection, action implementation) (Parasuraman et al., 2000). Examples will be provided in the aviation domain (e.g. Goodrich et. al 2012) and the automotive domain with the automation of driving (Hoeger et al, 2008; Flemisch et al., 2016; Tricot et al., 2004; Pacaux-Lemoine et al, 2004; Pacaux-Lemoine et al., 2015). © 2016