How much is enough? Optimal support payments in a renewable-rich power system

作     者：Rintamaki, Tuomas Siddiqui, Afzal S. Salo, Ahti 

作者机构：Aalto Univ Sch Sci Dept Math & Syst Anal Syst Anal Lab Helsinki Finland UCL Dept Stat Sci London England Stockholm Univ Dept Comp & Syst Sci S-10691 Stockholm Sweden 

出 版 物：《ENERGY》 (能源杂志)

年 卷 期：2016年第117卷第Part1期

页      面：300-313页

核心收录：

学科分类：0820[工学-石油与天然气工程] 08[工学] 0807[工学-动力工程及工程热物理] 

基　　金：STEEM project of the Aalto Energy Efficiency programme RISKY-RES project - Research Council of Norway 

主　　题：Renewable energy Support payments Day-ahead market Balancing market Congestion management Mathematical programming with equilibrium constraints 

摘      要：The large-scale deployment of intermittent renewable energy sources may cause substantial power imbalance. Together with the transmission grid congestion caused by the remoteness of these sources from load centers, this creates a need for fast-adjusting conventional capacity such as gas-fired plants. However, these plants have become unprofitable because of lower power prices due to the zero marginal costs of renewables. Consequently, policymakers are proposing new measures for mitigating balancing costs and securing supply. In this paper, we take the perspective of the regulator to assess the effectiveness of support payments to flexible generators. Using data on the German power system, we implement a bi-level programming model, which shows that such payments for gas-fired plants in southern Germany reduce balancing costs and can be used as part of policy to integrate renewable energy. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.