Water Surface Height Determination with a GPS Wave Glider: A Demonstration in Loch Ness, Scotland

作     者：Maqueda, M. A. Morales Penna, N. T. Williams, S. D. P. Foden, P. R. Martin, I. Pugh, J. 

作者机构：Newcastle Univ Sch Marine Sci & Technol Armstrong Bldg Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU Tyne & Wear England Newcastle Univ Sch Civil Engn & Geosci Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU Tyne & Wear England NERC Natl Oceanog Ctr Liverpool Merseyside England 

出 版 物：《JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY》 (大气与海洋技术杂志)

年 卷 期：2016年第33卷第6期

页      面：1159-1168页

核心收录：

学科分类：07[理学] 070601[理学-气象学] 0706[理学-大气科学] 0824[工学-船舶与海洋工程] 

基　　金：Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/K005421/1, NE/K005944/1] NERC [NE/K005421/1, noc010013, NE/K005421/2, noc010003, BIGF010001, NE/K005944/1] Funding Source: UKRI 

主　　题：Geographic location/entity Inland seas/lakes Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena Sea level Observational techniques and algorithms Global positioning systems (GPS) In situ oceanic observations 

摘      要：A geodetic GPS receiver has been installed on a Wave Glider, an unmanned water surface vehicle. Using kinematic precise point positioning (PPP) GPS, which operates globally without directly requiring reference stations, surface heights are measured with similar to 0.05-m precision. The GPS Wave Glider was tested in Loch Ness, Scotland, by measuring the gradient of the loch s surface height. The experiment took place under mild weather, with virtually no wind setup along the loch and a wave field made mostly of ripples and wavelets. Under these conditions, the loch s surface height gradient should be approximately equal to the geoid slope. The PPP surface height gradient and that of the Earth Gravitational Model 2008 geoid heights do indeed agree on average along the loch (0.03 m km(-1)). Also detected are 1) similar to 0.05-m-sized height changes due to daily water pumping for hydroelectricity generation and 2) high-frequency (0.25-0.5 Hz) oscillations caused by surface waves. The PPP heights compare favorably (similar to 0.02-m standard deviation) with relative carrier phase-based GPS processing. This suggests that GPS Wave Gliders have the potential to autonomously determine centimeter-precise water surface heights globally for lake modeling, and also for applications such as ocean modeling and geoid/mean dynamic topography determination, at least for benign surface states such as those encountered during the reported experiment.