Regulation by 3′-Untranslated Regions

作     者：Mayr, Christine 

作者机构：Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr Dept Canc Biol & Genet New York NY 10065 USA 

出 版 物：《ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENETICS, VOL 51》 (遗传学年评)

年 卷 期：2017年第51卷第1期

页      面：171-194页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 07[理学] 09[农学] 

基　　金：NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA008748, U01 CA164190] Funding Source: Medline NIGMS NIH HHS [DP1 GM123454] Funding Source: Medline 

主　　题：noncoding RNA regulatory RNA alternative 3 '-UTRs alternative polyadenylation cotranslational protein complex formation cellular organization mRNA localization RNA-binding proteins cooperativity accessibility of regulatory elements 

摘      要：3 -untranslated regions (3 -UTRs) are the noncoding parts of mRNAs. Compared to yeast, in humans, median 3 -UTR length has expanded approximately tenfold alongside an increased generation of alternative 3 -UTR isoforms. In contrast, the number of coding genes, as well as coding region length, has remained similar. This suggests an important role for 3 -UTRs in the biology of higher organisms. 3 -UTRs are best known to regulate diverse fates of mRNAs, including degradation, translation, and localization, but they can also function like long noncoding or small RNAs, as has been shown for whole 3 -UTRs as well as for cleaved fragments. Furthermore, 3 -UTRs determine the fate of proteins through the regulation of protein-protein interactions. They facilitate cotranslational protein complex formation, which establishes a role for 3 -UTRs as evolved eukaryotic operons. Whereas bacterial operons promote the interaction of two subunits, 3 -UTRs enable the formation of protein complexes with diverse compositions. All of these 3 -UTR functions are accomplished by effector proteins that are recruited by RNA-binding proteins that bind to 3 -UTR cis-elements. In summary, 3 -UTRs seem to be major players in gene regulation that enable local functions, compartmentalization, and cooperativity, which makes them important tools for the regulation of phenotypic diversity of higher organisms.