An Energy-Efficient Routing Algorithm for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks Inspired by Ultrasonic Frogs

作     者：Xu, Ming Liu, Guangzhong Wu, Huafeng 

作者机构：Shanghai Maritime Univ Coll Informat Engn Shanghai 201306 Peoples R China Fudan Univ Shanghai Key Lab Intelligent Informat Proc Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China Shanghai Maritime Univ Merchant Marine Coll Shanghai 201306 Peoples R China 

出 版 物：《INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS》 (分布式传感网络国际杂志)

年 卷 期：2014年第2014卷第unknown期

页      面：1-1页

核心收录：

学科分类：0810[工学-信息与通信工程] 08[工学] 0812[工学-计算机科学与技术（可授工学、理学学位）] 

基　　金：National Nature Science Foundation of China [61202370, 51279099] Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission [14YZ110] Shanghai Pujiang Program from Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality [11PJ1404300] Open Program of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing [IIPL-2011-008] 

主　　题：ENERGY consumption ROUTING (Computer network management) COMPUTER algorithms WIRELESS sensor networks UNDERWATER acoustic communication 

摘      要：The area of three-dimensional (3D) underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) has attracted significant attention recently due to its applications in detecting and observing phenomena that cannot be adequately observed by means of two-dimensional UWSNs. However, designing routing protocols for 3D UWSNs is a challenging task due to stringent constraints imposed by acoustic communications and high energy consumption in acoustic modems. In this paper, we present an ultrasonic frog calling algorithm (UFCA) that aims to achieve energy-efficient routing under harsh underwater conditions of UWSNs. In UFCA, the process of selecting relay nodes to forward the data packet is similar to that of calling behavior of ultrasonic frog for mating. We define the gravity function to represent the attractiveness from one sensor node to another. In order to save energy, different sensor nodes adopt different transmission radius and the values can be tuned dynamically according to their residual energy. Moreover, the sensor nodes that own less energy or locate in worse places choose to enter sleep mode for the purpose of saving energy. Simulation results show the performance improvement in metrics of packet delivery ratio, energy consumption, throughput, and end-to-end delay as compared to existing state-of-the-art routing protocols.