Physics-based encapsulation in embedded software for distributed sensing and control applications

作     者：Zhao, F Bailey-Kellogg, C Fromherz, MPJ 

作者机构：Xerox Corp Palo Alto Res Ctr Palo Alto CA 94304 USA Purdue Univ Dept Comp Sci W Lafayette IN 47907 USA 

出 版 物：《PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE》 (电气与电子工程师学会会报)

年 卷 期：2003年第91卷第1期

页      面：40-63页

核心收录：

学科分类：0808[工学-电气工程] 08[工学] 

基　　金：Networked Embedded Software Technology Program, (DABT63-95-C-0025) National Science Foundation, NSF, (CCR-9457802) National Science Foundation, NSF Office of Naval Research, ONR, (N000140-97-1-0599) Office of Naval Research, ONR Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA, (F30602-00-C-0139, F33615-01-C-1904, F33615-99-C-3611) Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA 

主　　题：distributed sensing and control embedded software design physics-based encapsulation 

摘      要：Spatial Aggregation abstracts data arising from distributed embedded sensing and control applications as a set of so-called spatiotemporal objects. Locality and continuity in the underlying physics of a problem domain give rise to spatially coherent and temporally contiguous objects in an appropriate metric space. Once parameterized by physical properties such as location, intensity (e.g., light, temperature, pressure), and motion (e.g., velocity), these objects can be aggregated and abstracted into more abstract descriptions. Applications are written as the creation and transformation of these abstract objects. We illustrate how these objects naturally arise from applications such as distributed sensing and actuation, and use an air jet table system to demonstrate how such a physics-based encapsulation modularizes the design of sensing and control software. Unlike in traditional software design, where objects and operations are defined mathematically and possess a semantics independent of possible implementations, the objects in distributed embedded software are defined by the physics of the application, algorithmic considerations, and task requirements, as well as optimization criteria. The air jet table example demonstrates that the grouping and abstraction of actuation devices are determined by laws of motion, the type of force allocation algorithms used, and the desired performance of the controller;this encapsulation greatly simplifies the design and implementation of a force allocation algorithm for the system and improves software modularity. Based on our practical experiences in designing several massively distributed sensing and actuation systems, we present a set of recommendations for distributed embedded software modeling and design.