Nonequilibrium Tricritical Point in a System with Long-Range Interactions

作     者：Andrea Antoniazzi Duccio Fanelli Stefano Ruffo Yoshiyuki Y. Yamaguchi 

作者机构：Dipartimento di Energetica and CSDC Università di Firenze and INFN via S. Marta 3 50139 Firenze Italy Theoretical Physics School of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom Department of Applied Mathematics and Physics Graduate School of Informatics Kyoto University 606-8501 Kyoto Japan 

出 版 物：《Physical Review Letters》 (Phys Rev Lett)

年 卷 期：2007年第99卷第4期

页      面：040601-040601页

核心收录：

学科分类：07[理学] 0702[理学-物理学] 

主　　题：Electron energy levels 

摘      要：Systems with long-range interactions display a short-time relaxation towards quasistationary states whose lifetime increases with system size. With reference to the Hamiltonian mean field model, we here show that a maximum entropy principle, based on Lynden-Bell’s pioneering idea of “violent relaxation, predicts the presence of out-of-equilibrium phase transitions separating the relaxation towards homogeneous (zero magnetization) or inhomogeneous (nonzero magnetization) quasistationary states. When varying the initial condition within a family of “water bags with different initial magnetization and energy, first- and second-order phase transition lines are found that merge at an out-of-equilibrium tricritical point. Metastability is theoretically predicted and numerically checked around the first-order phase transition line.