Global soil nitrous oxide emissions since the preindustrial era estimated by an ensemble of terrestrial biosphere models: Magnitude, attribution, and uncertainty

作     者：Tian, Hanqin Yang, Jia Xu, Rongting Lu, Chaoqun Canadell, Josep G. Davidson, Eric A. Jackson, Robert B. Arneth, Almut Chang, Jinfeng Ciais, Philippe Gerber, Stefan Ito, Akihiko Joos, Fortunat Lienert, Sebastian Messina, Palmira Olin, Stefan Pan, Shufen Peng, Changhui Saikawa, Eri Thompson, Rona L. Vuichard, Nicolas Winiwarter, Wilfried Zaehle, Soenke Zhang, Bowen 

作者机构：Auburn Univ Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci Int Ctr Climate & Global Change Res Auburn AL 36849 USA Chinese Acad Sci Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol Beijing Peoples R China Mississippi State Univ Dept Forestry Mississippi State MS 39762 USA Iowa State Univ Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol Ames IA USA CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere Global Carbon Project Canberra ACT Australia Univ Maryland Appalachian Lab Ctr Environm Sci Frostburg MD USA Stanford Univ Dept Earth Syst Sci Woods Inst Environm Stanford CA 94305 USA Stanford Univ Precourt Inst Energy Stanford CA 94305 USA Karlsruhe Inst Technol Inst Meteorol & Climate Res Atmospher Environm Re Garmisch Partenkirchen Germany LSCE Gif Sur Yvette France Univ Florida IFAS Soil & Water Sci Dept Gainesville FL 32611 USA Natl Inst Environm Studies Ctr Global Environm Res Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan Univ Bern Climate & Environm Phys Inst Phys Bern Switzerland Univ Bern Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res Bern Switzerland Lund Univ Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci Lund Sweden Univ Quebec Montreal UQAM Dept Biol Sci Montreal PQ Canada Emory Univ Dept Environm Sci Atlanta GA 30322 USA Norsk Inst Luftforskning NILU Kjeller Norway Int Inst Appl Syst Anal Air Qual & Greenhouse Gases AIR Laxenburg Austria Univ Zielona Gora Inst Environm Engn Zielona Gora Poland Max Planck Inst Biogeochem Jena Germany CEREA Marne La Vallee France 

出 版 物：《GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY》 (全球变化生物学)

年 卷 期：2019年第25卷第2期

页      面：640-659页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 0830[工学-环境科学与工程（可授工学、理学、农学学位）] 07[理学] 09[农学] 0713[理学-生态学] 

基　　金：National Key R & D Program of China [2017YFA0604702, 2018YFA0606001] U.S. National Science Foundation [1210360, 1243232] AU-OUC Joint Center Program Auburn University IGP Program EU FP grant LUC4C Lund University Centre for studies of Carbon Cycle and Climate Interactions Austrian Science Fund [P29130-G27] CAS [KFJ-STS-ZDTP-0, SKLURE2017-1-6] Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada ATMO programme Impulse and Networking fund Japan Society for Promotion of Science [17H01867] Swiss National Science Foundation [200020_172476] Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [17H01867] Funding Source: KAKEN Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences Directorate For Geosciences Funding Source: National Science Foundation 

主　　题：global nitrogen cycle greenhouse gas emission nitrous oxide process-based modeling soil N2O emission 

摘      要：Our understanding and quantification of global soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and the underlying processes remain largely uncertain. Here, we assessed the effects of multiple anthropogenic and natural factors, including nitrogen fertilizer (N) application, atmospheric N deposition, manure N application, land cover change, climate change, and rising atmospheric CO2 concentration, on global soil N2O emissions for the period 1861-2016 using a standard simulation protocol with seven process-based terrestrial biosphere models. Results suggest global soil N2O emissions have increased from 6.3 +/- 1.1 Tg N2O-N/year in the preindustrial period (the 1860s) to 10.0 +/- 2.0 Tg N2O-N/year in the recent decade (2007-2016). Cropland soil emissions increased from 0.3 Tg N2O-N/year to 3.3 Tg N2O-N/year over the same period, accounting for 82% of the total increase. Regionally, China, South Asia, and Southeast Asia underwent rapid increases in cropland N2O emissions since the 1970s. However, US cropland N2O emissions had been relatively flat in magnitude since the 1980s, and EU cropland N2O emissions appear to have decreased by 14%. Soil N2O emissions from predominantly natural ecosystems accounted for 67% of the global soil emissions in the recent decade but showed only a relatively small increase of 0.7 +/- 0.5 Tg N2O-N/year (11%) since the 1860s. In the recent decade, N fertilizer application, N deposition, manure N application, and climate change contributed 54%, 26%, 15%, and 24%, respectively, to the total increase. Rising atmospheric CO2 concentration reduced soil N2O emissions by 10% through the enhanced plant N uptake, while land cover change played a minor role. Our estimation here does not account for indirect emissions from soils and the directed emissions from excreta of grazing livestock. To address uncertainties in estimating regional and global soil N2O emissions, this study recommends several critical strategies for improving the process-based simulations.