Advances in retinal prosthesis systems

作     者：Bloch, Edward Luo, Yvonne da Cruz, Lyndon 

作者机构：Moorfields Eye Hosp NHS Fdn Trust NIHR Biomed Res Ctr 162 City Rd London EC1V 2PD England UCL Wellcome EPSRC Ctr Intervent & Surg Sci London England East Kent Hosp Univ NHS Fdn Trust Kent England 

出 版 物：《THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY》 (眼科学与眼疾病)

年 卷 期：2019年第11卷

页      面：2515841418817501-2515841418817501页

学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100212[医学-眼科学] 10[医学] 

基　　金：The authors received no financial support for the research  authorship  and/or publication of this article 

主　　题：microelectrode photovoltaic retinal prosthesis tissue electronics 

摘      要：Retinal prosthesis systems have undergone significant advances in the past quarter century, resulting in the development of several different novel surgical and engineering approaches. Encouraging results have demonstrated partial visual restoration, with improvement in both coarse objective function and performance of everyday tasks. To date, four systems have received marketing approval for use in Europe or the United States, with numerous others undergoing preclinical and clinical evaluation, reflecting the established safety profile of these devices for chronic implantation. This progress represents the first notion that the field of visual restorative medicine could offer blind patients a hope of real and measurable benefit. However, there are numerous complex engineering and biophysical obstacles still to be overcome, to reconcile the gap that remains between artificial and natural vision. Current developments in the form of enhanced image processing algorithms and data transfer approaches, combined with emerging nanofabrication and conductive polymerization techniques, herald an exciting and innovative future for retinal prosthetics. This review provides an update of retinal prosthetic systems currently undergoing development and clinical trials while also addressing future challenges in the field, such as the assessment of functional outcomes in ultra-low vision and strategies for tackling existing hardware and software constraints.