The development of live attenuated cold-adapted influenza virus vaccine for humans

作     者：Maassab, HF Bryant, ML 

作者机构：Univ Michigan Sch Publ Hlth Dept Epidemiol Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Aviron Mountain View CA 94043 USA 

出 版 物：《REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY》 (医学病毒学评论)

年 卷 期：1999年第9卷第4期

页      面：237-244页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 1007[医学-药学(可授医学、理学学位)] 100705[医学-微生物与生化药学] 07[理学] 071005[理学-微生物学] 10[医学] 

主　　题：适应 生理学 冷 流感病毒A型/遗传学 流感病毒A型/生长和发育 流感病毒A型/免疫学 流感病毒B型/遗传学 流感病毒B型/生长和发育 流感病毒B型/免疫学 流感疫苗/免疫学 流感 人/预防和控制 疫苗 减毒/免疫学 人类 

摘      要：A procedure to attenuate live influenza virus of type A and type B was developed using adaptation of the virus to grow at 25 degrees C (cold adaptation;ca). Through a series of stepwise passages, two stable mutants were obtained and designated as Master strains, one for type A influenza virus (A/Ann Arbor/6/60-H2N2) and one for type B influenza virus (B/Ann Arbor/1/66). These mutants were used in genetic reassortment using either the classical method or more recently described reverse genetics to update the relevant surface antigens of the circulating strains of influenza virus. The derivation is based on the concept of 6/2 where 6 signifies the six internal genes of the master strain and 2 refers to the two genes coding for the two surface glycoproteins HA and NA of the circulating influenza virus. The advantages of this vaccine were demonstrated to be (1) proper level of attentuation, (2) non-transmissibility, (3) genetic stability, (4) presence of the ca and ts markers and (5) immunogenicity involving both local and the cell-mediated immune responses. The clinical trials in infants, children, adults and elderly have provided the necessary data for eventual licensing of this vaccine. The ease of administration (intranasal) safety and high efficacy make this vaccine suitable to prevent influenza virus infection in all age groups. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.