Internet of Things to network smart devices for ecosystem monitoring

作     者：Xin Li Ning Zhao Rui Jin Shaomin Liu Xiaomin Sun Xuefa Wen Dongxiu Wu Yan Zhou Jianwen Guo Shiping Chen Ziwei Xu Mingguo Ma Tianming Wang Yonghua Qu Xinwei Wang Fangming Wu Yuke Zhou 

作者机构：Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy o f Sciences Beijing 100101 China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy o f Sciences Beijing 100101 China Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty o f Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China Optoelectronics System Laboratory Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 China Research Base of Karst Eco-environments at Nanchuan in Chongqing Ministry of Nature Resources School of Geographical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Engineering Monitoring and Research Center for Amur Tigers and Amur Leopards National Forestry and Grassland Administration & College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China 

出 版 物：《Science Bulletin》 (科学通报（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2019年第64卷第17期

页      面：1234-1245页

核心收录：

学科分类：07[理学] 08[工学] 

基　　金：supported by the National Key Research & Development Program of China (2016YFC0500106) the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA20100104) the 13th Five-year Informatization Plan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XXH13505-06) 

主　　题：Ecosystem monitoring Fragile ecosystem Internet of Things Wireless sensor network Smart device 

摘      要：Smart, real-time, low-cost, and distributed ecosystem monitoring is essential for understanding and managing rapidly changing ecosystems. However, new techniques in the big data era have rarely been introduced into operational ecosystem monitoring, particularly for fragile ecosystems in remote *** introduce the Internet of Things(IoT) techniques to establish a prototype ecosystem monitoring system by developing innovative smart devices and using IoT technologies for ecosystem monitoring in isolated environments. The developed smart devices include four categories: large-scale and nonintrusive instruments to measure evapotranspiration and soil moisture, in situ observing systems for CO2 and d13 C associated with soil respiration, portable and distributed devices for monitoring vegetation variables, and Bi-CMOS cameras and pressure trigger sensors for terrestrial vertebrate monitoring. These new devices outperform conventional devices and are connected to each other via wireless communication networks. The breakthroughs in the ecosystem monitoring IoT include new data loggers and longdistance wireless sensor network technology that supports the rapid transmission of data from devices to wireless networks. The applicability of this ecosystem monitoring IoT is verified in three fragile ecosystems, including a karst rocky desertification area, the National Park for Amur Tigers, and the oasis-desert ecotone in China. By integrating these devices and technologies with an ecosystem monitoring information system, a seamless data acquisition, transmission, processing, and application IoT is created. The establishment of this ecosystem monitoring IoT will serve as a new paradigm for ecosystem monitoring and therefore provide a platform for ecosystem management and decision making in the era of big data.