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Perceived Stress,Coping Strategy and Psychopathology Among HIV Seropositive People who Injecting Drug(PWID) in Working Group on AIDS Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital,Scientific Light Foundation on HIV,Tebet Primary Health Center and Kios Atmajaya University Jak

Perceived Stress,Coping Strategy and Psychopathology Among H...

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中华医学会第十一次全国精神医学学术会议、第三届亚洲神经精神药理学术会议

作者： Khamelia Malik Nurmiati Amir Suryo Dharmono Department of Psychiatry Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Indonesia

Introduction Indonesia with population of 237.5 million has been estimated HIV prevalence of 0.27%among the 15-49 years age ***'s HIV and AIDS epidemic is concentrated amongst key affected population resulting from a mix of two modes of transmission and drug *** cumulative report HIV cases shows infection from injecting use is 36%. Further analysis shows that the proportion of People Who Inject Drugs(PWID) who infected in their first year of engagement is high overtime(2007 and 2011) at 27%and 13%.Percentage of PWID that have received an HIV test in the last 12 months and who know their result is 90.6%. Only 67%percentage of adult with HIV known to be on treatment 12 months after initiation of ARV *** are those who are lost to follow up(18.6%),have stopped treatment(0.4%) or die(2.7%) Good care needs to be used in interpreting patient's reasons for not taking or continuing ART. Some issues identified,like geographical distance,high cost association like *** local studies about internal or psychological issue is limited. This study aims to contribute knowledge of how coping mechanism and psychopathology among HIV positive *** scientific understanding as to the function and effect of coping mechanism could lead to enhance relevant approaches in service delivery among HIV positive PWID *** this knowledge could inform research about specific behavior that needs to be targeted in treatment programs with this population. Subject and methods The participants for this study were 100 HIV seropositive PWID adult men and women from Working Group on AIDS Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital,Scientific Light Foundation on HIV,Tebet Primary Health Center and Kios Atmajaya from July 2010 until December *** used Perceived Stress,Coping Orientation to the Problem Experienced (COPE) Inventory and Symptom Check List-90(SCL-90) to assess the variables in this cross-sectional *** data were obtained from medical

关键词： HIV Perceived Stress,Coping Strategy and Psychopathology Among HIV Seropositive People who Injecting Drug in Working Group on AIDS Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital,Scientific Light Foundation on HIV,Tebet Primary Health Center and Kios Atmajaya University Jak

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中华医学会第十一次全国精神医学学术会议、第三届亚洲神经精神药理学术会议

作者： Linlin Yang Keyan Han Xueyi Wang Department of Psychiatry Department of Psychiatry the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University

Objective Investigating the therapeutic effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS) on the mild cognitive impairment(MCI). Methods(1) Recruited 31 volunteers from Shijiazhuang City,who were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment(MCI),and were randomly divided into treatment group(17) and control group(14);Magnetic stimulation site was located in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal area,the frequency is 20Hz,every 30 minutes(15 minutes on each side),5 times a week,eight courses,a total of 40 times;The control group received the same frequency,the use of pseudo-stimulating coil,it produced vibration and sound,but didn't generate a magnetic field.(3) before and after treatment,EEG test auditory oddball paradigm using event-related potentials(ERPs) recorded electrodes placed in Cz and Pz. Results(1) baseline comparison:all the indicators of the control group and the treatment group were not significantly different[MMSE score(t = 0.44,P> 0.05);P300 latency:Cz(t = 0.21,P> 0.05),Pz(t =0.27,P> 0.05);P300 Volatility:Cz(t = 0.72,P> 0.05),Pz(t = 0.460,P> 0.05);N200 latency:the Cz points(t = 0.40,P> 0.05),Pz(t= 0.55,P> 0.05);N200 Volatility:Cz(t = 0.93,P> 0.05),Pz(t = 0.65,P> 0.05)].(2) target P300:the latency and amplitude of the control group had no significant difference before and after treatment with[incubation period:Cz(t = 0.23,P> 0.05),Pz(t = 0.91,P> 0.05);Volatility:Cz(t= 1.11,P> 0.05),Pz(t= 1.01,P> 0.05)];Treatment group after the intervention incubation period becomes shorter[Cz(t = 3.12, P<0.01),Pz(t = 2.12,P<0.05)],increased volatility[Cz(t = 2.45,P<0.05),Pz(t = 2.31,P<0.05)]. (3) target N200:latency and amplitude of the control group before and after treatment had no significant difference[latency:Cz(t = 0.65,P> 0.05),Pz(t = 0.77,P> 0.05);Volatility:Cz(t = 0.42,P> 0.05),Pz(t = 0.81,P> 0.05)];Treatment group after the intervention incubation period in advance[Cz(t = 2.45,P<0.05),Pz(t = 2.22,P<0.05)],volatility reduce Cz(/ = 2.95,

关键词： An Event-related potentials research on high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment

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The Influences of Light Therapy on Behavioral and Physiological Indicators and the Rhythm of Melatonin Secretion of SD Rats in the Chronic Stress Model

The Influences of Light Therapy on Behavioral and Physiologi...

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中华医学会第十一次全国精神医学学术会议、第三届亚洲神经精神药理学术会议

作者： Tianhang Zhou Xin Yu Guoyi Zhang Weimin Dang Yongzhi Wang Tianmei Si Jian Lin Yantao Ma Li Zhao Jitao Li Kuo Zhang Cantao Zhong Zhongkai He Rongfeng Niu Wei Wei Institute of Mental Health Peking University School of Physics Peking University Guangdong Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases The Third Hospital of Peking University Department of Laboratory Animal Science Peking University School of Life Science Peking University

Objectives To discuss the influences of light therapy on SD rats in the chronic stress *** provide theoretical basis for further studies. Methods 6-week-old SD rats were randomized into the control group,depression group, biological rhythm light(light 1) group,incandescent light(light 2) group and energy-saving light (light 3) *** rats completed the baseline measurement included the growth and development indicators(height and weight) and routine blood *** experiments included sucrose preference test,open field test,water maze test and formed swimming *** groups were performed ovariectomized surgery and completed the chronic stress depression model except the control *** 1,2 and 3 group were received light therapy of different parameters for 3 weeks,and the biological rhythm light was developed by Physics School of Peking *** that all indicators were remeasured and the rhythm of melatonin was also measured. Results i Physiological indicators:The depression group gained less weight than control group after chronic stress model and got some recover after light therapy(udepression=208.4,alight 1=220.0,alight 2=215.1,alight 3=228.9),the results were not significantly different,ii Behavioral indicators:a) Sucrose preference *** after the chronic stress model performed less sucrose than the control group(control group = 44.7±20.9,model group = 14.8±6.5,p <0.001);b) Open field *** groups gained higher scores than depression group,with no significant difference(depression group = 31.25±23.51,light a group = 52.59±25.36,p = 0.120;Light group 2 = 42.34±15.53,p = 0.230;optical group 3 = 41.71±27.69,p = 0.414);c) Water maze *** percent of distance in the 1st quadrant were higher in the light 1 and 3 group than depression group,light 2 group was lower,with no significant difference;d) Forced swimming *** percent of rest time was lower in light 2 and 3 group,higher in light 1 group after light therapy compar

关键词： The Influences of Light Therapy on Behavioral and Physiological Indicators and the Rhythm of Melatonin Secretion of SD Rats in the Chronic Stress Model Model

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PACAP induces internalization of serotonin 2A receptor in a protein kinase C-dependent manner

PACAP induces internalization of serotonin 2A receptor in a ...

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中华医学会第十一次全国精神医学学术会议、第三届亚洲神经精神药理学术会议

作者： Atsuko Hayata Naoki Encho Keita Moriguchi Tomohiro Fujino Norihito Shintani Atsushi Kasai Akemichi Baba Hitoshi Hashimoto Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan United Graduate School of Child Development Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan Institute for Academic Initiatives Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan Hyogo University of Health Science KobeJapan iPS Cell-based Research Project on Brain Neuropharmacology and Toxicology Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan

Objective Accumulating evidence from human genetic and animal model studies implicates the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide(PACAP) signaling pathway as a risk factor for psychiatric disorders,including schizophrenia and stress-related disorders. PACAP-deficient mice exhibit remarkable behavioral and neurological changes that are thought to be endophenotypes for psychiatric *** of them are ameliorated with risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic drug with serotonin(5-HT)2 receptor and dopamine D2 receptor antagonist properties,and ritanserin,a selective antagonist for 5-HT2 *** findings suggest that 5-HT2 receptor signaling is involved in psychiatric conditions in which PACAP signaling is impaired,although the underlying mechanisms remain *** it is known that 5-HT2A receptor functions are regulated by receptor internalization,in the present study,we investigated if PACAP signaling modulates the internalization of 5-HT2A receptor. Method Internalization of 5-HT2A receptor expressed in HEK293T cells was examined using the HaloTag system which is a protein labeling technology for cell imaging and protein analysis. Results PACAP induced internalization of 5-HT2A receptor as well as the PACAP-specific receptor PACl in a dose- and time-dependent *** contrast,PACAP did not affect internalization of 5-HT1A *** intestine peptide(VIP),a closely related neuropeptide,did not induce 5-HT2A receptor internalization,indicating the involvement of PACAP-selective receptor PACl but not VPAC receptors,which are equally stimulated by PACAP and *** addition,pretreatment with the protein kinase C inhibitor sphingosine considerably inhibited PACAP-induced internalization of 5-HT2A receptor. Conclusion Taken together,these results suggest that PACAP/PAC1 pathway regulates 5-HT2A receptor internalization in a protein kinase C-dependent manner and imply a possibility that endogenous PACAP critically regulates 5-HT2 rece

关键词： PACAP induces internalization of serotonin 2A receptor in a protein kinase C-dependent manner

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Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs on the Expression of Synaptic-associated Proteins in the Frontal Cortex of Rats Subjected to Immobilization Stress

Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs on the Expression of Synaptic...

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中华医学会第十一次全国精神医学学术会议、第三届亚洲神经精神药理学术会议

作者： Chan Hong Lee Mi kyoung Seo Hye Yeon Jo Cheol Min Choi Jung Goo Lee Bong Ju Lee Sung Woo Park Young Hoon Kim Paik Institute for Clinical Research Inje UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea Neuroscience Health Science & TechnologyInje UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea. Paik Institute for Clinical Research Inje UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea Department of Psychiatry School of MedicineHaeundae Paik HospitalInje UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea Neuroscience Health Science ＆ TechnologyInje UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea.

Objectives Several postmortem studies have noted decreased expression of genes responsible for synaptic proteins in the prefrontal cortex(PFC) and other regions,suggesting impairment or reduction in synaptic connectivity in ***,antipsychotic drugs have been suggested to regulate synaptic transmission and *** this study,we investigate the effects of typical antipsychotic drug,haloperidol and atypical antipsychotic drugs olanzapine and aripiprazole,on the expression of synaptic-associated proteins in the frontal cortex of rats subjected to immobilization stress. Methods SD rats were subjected to immobilization stress 6 h/day for 3 *** effect of olanzapine(2 mg/kg),aripiprazole(1.5 mg/kg) or haloperidol(1.0 mg/kg) on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),phosphor-serine9- glycogen synthase kinase-3p (GSK-3P) and P-catenin,and synaptic proteins including synaptic proteins including postsynaptic density protein-95(PSD-95),neurolignin 1(NLG1),P-neurexin,and synaptophysin(SYP) in frontal cortex of rat subjected to immobilization stress. Results Immobilization stress significantly decreased the expression of these proteins in frontal cortex(p< 0.01).Olanzapine and aripiprazole completely reversed the immobilization stress-induced decrease in BDNF,phosphorylated GSK-3p,PSD-95,NLG1 and SYP(p< 0.05 or p< 0.01) expression *** did not affect p-catenin and P-neurexin(p< 0.01) levels under stress ***,olanzapine and aripiprazole significantly increased the levels of phosphorylated GSK-3p and NLG1(p< 0.05 or p < 0.01),respectively,even under normal conditions,whereas aripiprazole increased the levels of BDNF and p-neurexin(p< 0.01).In contrast,haloperidol had no effect on the levels of these proteins in frontal cortex of rats with or without immobilization stress. Conclusions Taken together,these results suggest that olanzapine and aripiprazole might exert their beneficial effects through up-regulati

关键词： Cortex Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs on the Expression of Synaptic-associated Proteins in the Frontal Cortex of Rats Subjected to Immobilization Stress

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Sertraline and periodic limb movement during sleep:an 8-week,open-label study in depressed patients with insomnia

Sertraline and periodic limb movement during sleep:an 8-week...

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中华医学会第十一次全国精神医学学术会议、第三届亚洲神经精神药理学术会议

作者： Bin Zhang Yanli Hao Fujun Jia Xueli Li Guangdong General Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangdong Mental Health Centre Department of Human Anatomy Guang Zhou Medical University

Background Previous studies have reported that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs) might induce or exacerbate periodic limb movement during sleep(PLMS). However,most of them were retrospective and cross-sectional studies with small sample size on a selective SSRI,*** different SSRIs have different pharmacological profiles,it was not certain whether other SSRIs might also lead to PLMS. Methods Data were taken from an open-label 8-week trial of sertraline in depressive patients with insomnia(n=31).Depressed patients were administered 50 mg sertraline at 8 am on the 1st day,and the dosage was subsequently titrated up to a maximum of 200 mg/day during the 8-week *** patients were tested by repeated polysomnography(PSG)(baseline,1st day,14th day, 28th day,and 56th day).Periodic leg movements were visually counted and the PLM index (PLMI) was *** was defined as PLM≥5,and significant PLMS was defined as PLM≥15. Results Compared with baseline(PLMI=3.6±1.5),all PLMI indices increased upon the immediate administration of sertraline on the 1st day(PLM=5.1±3.9).From the 14th day onward, PLMI became stable and significantly higher than baseline and the 1st day(8.7±3.1 on the 14th day,8.3±3.7 on the 28th day,8.5±3.6 on the 56th day,F=11.81,P = 0.003).The clinical responses and PSG characteristics improved continuously during the 8-week *** PLMS group(PLM>5) had more arousal index(AI) than Non-PLMS group on the 14th day index (9.4±5.5 versus 5.2±3.7,T=4.22,P = 0.03) and the 56th day(8.1±5.5 versus 4.3±3.7,Z=3.11,P = 0.04),albeit there was no significant clinical disturbances in the PLMS group. Conclusions PLMS was increased during sertraline treatment,but only a few of them reached the significant *** effect of sertraline on PLMS might be dosage *** the sertraline-induced PLMS seemed not to have significant clinical disturbance,the PLMS group (PLM≥5) has higher AI than the non-PLMS ***,clinicians should pay

关键词： Sertraline and periodic limb movement during sleep:an 8-week,open-label study in depressed patients with insomnia

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Effects of Tianeptine on mTOR Signaling in Rat Hippocampal Neurons

Effects of Tianeptine on mTOR Signaling in Rat Hippocampal N...

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中华医学会第十一次全国精神医学学术会议、第三届亚洲神经精神药理学术会议

作者： Mi Kyoung Seo Chan Hong Lee Hye Yeon Cho Nguyen Ngoc Ly Sung Woo Park Bong Ju Lee Wongi Seol Jung Goo Lee Young Hoon Kim Paik Institute for Clinical Research Inje UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea. Neuroscience Health Science & TechnologyInje UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea. Paik Institute for Clinical Research Inje UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea Department of Psychiatry School of MedicineHaeundae Paik HospitalInje UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea Neuroscience Health Science ＆ TechnologyInje UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea. InAm Neuroscience Research Center Wonkwang UniversitySanbon HospitalGunpoRepublic of Korea Neuroscience Health Science & TechnologyInje UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea

Objectives Recent studies have demonstrated that antidepressant effect of N-Methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) antagonist ketamine activates rapidly the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) pathway and increase synaptic proteins the prefrontal *** is a protein kinase involved in the regulation of translation initiation and protein synthesis required for synaptic *** studies suggest that mTOR activation may be related to the antidepressant ***,the mTOR signaling underlying antidepressant drugs action has not been well *** aim of the present study was to find out whether alterations in mTOR signaling could be observed following treatment with ***,we investigate whether this drug affect the synaptic proteins and neurite outgrowth via mTOR signaling. Methods For purposes of western blotting and neurite assay,primary rat hippocampal neuronal cultures were cultured for 4 days and 5 days,respectively,with tianeptine(50 and 100μM). Control cells were cultured without tianeptine under the B27-deprived condition(for western blotting) or normal condition(for dendrite outgrowth aasay).Using Western blotting,we measured changes in the phosphorylation of mTOR,its well-known downstream regulators [eukaryotic initiation factor 4E(elF4E)-binding protein-1(4E-BP-1) and p70S6 kinase (p70S6K)],and its upstream regulators[Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)] under toxic conditions induced by B27 deprivation in rat hippocampal neuronal cultures. Dendritic outgrowth of hippocampal neurons was determined by dendrite outgrowth aasay. Dendrites were visualized by immunostaining with microtubule-associated protein 2(MAP2) known as a dendritic ***,the synaptic proteins,postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) and synaptophyin(SYP),were also examined by Western blotting. Results In this study,tianeptine significantly elevated the levels of phospho-mTOR(Ser2448), phospho-4E-BP-1(Thr37/46),and phospho-p70S6K(Thr389

关键词： Effects of Tianeptine on mTOR Signaling in Rat Hippocampal Neurons

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Effects of Mood Stabilizers on Synaptic Protein Levels and Dendritic Outgrowth in Hippocampal Neuronal Cultures

Effects of Mood Stabilizers on Synaptic Protein Levels and D...

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中华医学会第十一次全国精神医学学术会议、第三届亚洲神经精神药理学术会议

作者： Hye Yeon Jo Chan Hong Lee Mi Kyoung Seo Le Hoa Nhu Jung Goo Lee Bong Ju Lee Wongi Seol Sung Woo Park Young Hoon Kim Paik Institute for Clinical Research Inje UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea. Neuroscience Health Science＆TechnologyInje UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea. Paik Institute for Clinical Research Inje UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea Department of Psychiatry School of MedicineHaeundae Paik HospitalInje UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea Neuroscience Health Science & TechnologyInje UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea Neuroscience Health Science & TechnologyInje UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea. InAm Neuroscience Research Center Wonkwang UniversitySanbon HospitalGunpoRepublic of Korea.

Objectives Bipolar disorder is a devastating illness that is characterized by cycling periods of mania and *** lines of evidences indicate that mood disorders, including bipolar disorder,affect abnormalities in signaling cascade mechanisms that lead to impairments in structural and functional synaptic plasticity as well as alterations in glutamatergic *** this study,we investigated whether mood stabilizers(lithium,valproic acid, carbamazepine,and lamotrigine) altered the expression of synaptic proteins and dendritic outgrowth in rat hippocampal neurons. Methods The expression of synaptic proteins,postsynaptic density protein-95(PSD-95), brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),neurolignin 1(NLG1),P-neurexin,and synaptophysin (SYP) in rat hippocampal neuronal cultures under toxic conditions induced by B27 deprivation was evaluated by Western ***,dendritic outgrowth was examined to determine whether these drugs affect the dendritic morphology of hippocampal neurons. Results Lithium,valproic acid,and carbamazepine,significantly prevented B27 deprivation-induced decrease in levels of PSD-95,BDNF,NLG1,P-neurexin and SYP(p< 0.05 or p< 0.01),whereas lamotrigine had no effect in this *** the drugs significantly increased the total outgrowth of hippocampal dendrites(p< 0.01).Moreover,this effect of lithium and valproic acid is blocked by specific inhibitors of calcium/ calmodulin kinaseⅡ(CaMKⅡ),KN-93 (1μM),protein kinase A(PKA),H-89(1μM),phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K),LY294002 (10μM),or MAPK/ERK kinase(MEK),PD98059(1μM) signaling(p< 0.05 or p< 0.01), whereas other mood stabilizers do not affect these signaling. Conclusions Taken together,these results suggest that certain mood stabilizers may regulate synaptic plasticity by enhancing synaptic protein levels and dendritic outgrowth in hippocampal *** addition,these effects on dendritic outgrowth likely require CaMKⅡ,PKA,PI3K or MEK signaling pathways.

关键词： Effects of Mood Stabilizers on Synaptic Protein Levels and Dendritic Outgrowth in Hippocampal Neuronal Cultures

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Frequency of Undiagnosed Bipolar Disorder under Three Definitions in Chinese Patients with Current Depressive Episode(BRIDGE-CN)

Frequency of Undiagnosed Bipolar Disorder under Three Defini...

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中华医学会第十一次全国精神医学学术会议、第三届亚洲神经精神药理学术会议

作者： Ma Yan-tao Yu Xin Wei Jing Zheng Yi Zhang Jin-bei Mei Qi-yi Zhang Xin-bao Liu Tie-bang Miao Guo-dong Gao Cheng-ge Meng Qing-hua Xu Xiu-feng Tian Hong-jun Sun Xue-li Liu Ying Chen Zhi-yu Wu Wen-yuan Jiang Kai-da Ji Jian-lin Wang Guan-jun Lin li Byron Good Key Laboratory of Mental Health Ministry of Mental Health Peking University Peking University Institute of Mental Health Beijing Union Hospital Union Medical University Beijing Anding Hospital Capital Medical University 3rd Hospital of Zhongshan Medical University Suzhou Guangji Hospital Nanjing Brain Hospital Shenzhen Mental Health Centre Guangzhou Psychiatry Hospital 1st Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University 1st Hospital of Chongqing Medical University 1st Hospital of Kunming Medical University Tianjing Anding Hospital Huaxi Hospital of Sichuan University 1st Hospital of China Medical University Hangzhou 7th Hospital Shanghai Tongji Hospital Tongji University Medical SchoolShanghai Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital Qingdao 7th People Hospital Fuzhou Psychiatry Hospital Department of Global Health and Social Medicine Harvard Medical School

Objective To investigate the recognition rates of undiagnosed bipolar disorders (BD) using three definitions among patients with current depressive episode. Method The "Bipolar Disorder:Improving Diagnosis Guidance and Education"(BRIDGE-CN) screening program was part of an international study of the frequency of BD among patients who have a major depressive episode with or without various comorbid psychiatric *** purpose was to evaluate the recognition rate of BD under three different definitions among patients with current depressive *** China,recruitment was completed between May and September *** patients were thoroughly interviewed using three diagnostic instruments, which did not include any intervention *** was defined in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-Ⅳ),the hypomania checklist(HCL-32 R2) and the clinical known diagnosis. Results Of 735 Chinese patients who participated in the screening,the frequency of BD ranged from 47.8%,14.4%and 31.9%according to HCL-32,DSM-Ⅳand the clinical known diagnostic criteria *** with DSM-IV,a greater number of first episodes of BD were identified under HCL-32,while the recognition sensitivity and specificity was 85.5%and 58.5% *** risk factors of BD under HCL-32 and DSM-IV included current depression with symptoms consisting of mixed state/mood lability,while under HCL-32 and the clinical known diagnosis included first degree of mania/hypomania,having had manic/hypomanic switching to antidepressant medication,current depression with symptoms consisting of mixed state/mood lability,and previous episodes of mood disorder≥*** overall OR of BD was 2.36(1.92,2.88) under HCL-32. Conclusions HCL-32 may increase the recognition rate of undiagnosed BD among patients with current depression.

关键词： BRIDGE-CN Frequency of Undiagnosed Bipolar Disorder under Three Definitions in Chinese Patients with Current Depressive Episode

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