Background In immunodeficient mice,the growth and egg laying of schistosome were significantly retarded or inhibited,and their virulence on the host was also *** studies have suggested that host factors including endo...
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Background In immunodeficient mice,the growth and egg laying of schistosome were significantly retarded or inhibited,and their virulence on the host was also *** studies have suggested that host factors including endocrine and immune signals can modulate the parasite’s development and ***,it is still not clear for the molecular mechanisms underlying the growth and maturation regulation of ***/Principal results We isolated the total RNAs of female and male schistosome from immunodeficient SCID mice and immunocompetent BALB/c mice(labeled as S,S,B and B) obtained at five weeks post infection with cercariae,and constructed c DNA libraries for RNA deep sequencing on an Illumina(Solexa) *** the results,totally 298 differentially expressed genes(DEGs,m RNAs) for pairwise comparison of the above schistosome samples were *** detailed,240 DEGs were identified in S vs B,of which 152 DEGs were up-regulated(147 DEGs were present in S worms but absent or undetected technically in B worms) and 88 were down-regulated(83 DEGs were present in B worms but absent or undetected technically in S worms).62 DEGs were identified in S vs B,of which 39 were up-regulated(29 DEGs were present in S worms but absent or undetected technically in B worms) and 23 were down-regulated(22 DEGs were present in B worms but absent or undetected technically in S worms).Four differentially expressed m RNAs were shared among the two comparisons(present both in female and male worms),which were Sjp117620(26 S proteasome subunit P28-related),Sjp127870(leucine zipper-EF-hand-containing transmembrane protein 1,mitochondrial precursor),Sjp130040(putative dynein heavy chain) and Sjp094540(hypothetical protein containing proteinase inhibitor I25,cystatin domain,SJCHGC07500 protein,partial).The above DEGs of female comparison and male comparison were annotated with GO terms in three independent categories: biological processes(400 GO terms were hit for
Toxoplasma gondii is an important pathogen for which a vaccine would address a significant unmet public health and medical ***,we tested the efficacy of vaccination using Ca2+-dependent protein kinase 2(cdpk2)-deficie...
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Toxoplasma gondii is an important pathogen for which a vaccine would address a significant unmet public health and medical ***,we tested the efficacy of vaccination using Ca2+-dependent protein kinase 2(cdpk2)-deficient *** Pru strain,in Kunming ***:Δcdpk2-vaccinated mice developed a strong humoral response,as indicated by a high level of serum Ig G *** production of IFN-γ,IL-2,IL-12,and IL-10 by splenic T cells,and elevated levels of serum Ig G1 and Ig G2 a,suggested an initial induction of Th1 response at 4 weeks post vaccination and a mixed Th1/Th2 response at 10 weeks post *** mice vaccinated with 500 Pru:Δcdpk2 tachyzoites survived a heterologous challenge with 1000 tachyzoites of wild-type(WT) RH strain or WT-Toxo DB#9(PYS or Tg C7) *** also protected against homologous infection with 20 Pru cysts,as indicated by the significant reduction in brain cyst load(78 ± 48 cysts/brain) compared to non-vaccinated infected mice(4296 ± 687 cysts/brain).A balanced Th1/Th2-type cytokine response,elicited by vaccination,significantly reduced the vertical transmission,increased the litter size and maintained pups' body weight;whether infected with 200 WT-RH tachyzoites or 10 Pru ***(35-day-old) born to Pru:Δcdpk2-vaccinated dams that were infected at day 12 of gestation with 10 Pru cysts,had significantly less brain cyst load(60 ± 30 cysts/brain) compared with pups born to non-vaccinated dams(919 ± 339 cysts/brain).Vaccinated pregnant dams remained healthy after infection and their brain cyst load,one month after delivery,was significantly reduced(77 ± 58 cysts/brain) compared with non-vaccinated Pru-infected dams(3287 ± 569 cysts/brain).Overall,our results suggest that a single intraperitoneal vaccination of Kunming mice with 500 cdpk2-deficient type II *** Pru strain induced a balanced,broad and protective immunity against *** strains with different virulences.
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