Bacterial infection in the marine environment is a serious question to maintain the stability of biocenosis in ecosystems. Nevertheless, there is little report so far for the biological effects of pathogenic bacteria ...
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Bacterial infection in the marine environment is a serious question to maintain the stability of biocenosis in ecosystems. Nevertheless, there is little report so far for the biological effects of pathogenic bacteria in coastal ecosystems. Hence, we investigated the responses of shell-less Onchidium reevesii to resist against pathogenic bacterial infection. Analysis of data here could be used as useful indicators for assessment of responses of O. reevesii. The full-length *** cDNA was cloned and consist of 1849 base pair(bp) encoding protein of 192 amino acids. Constructing phylogenetic analysis suggested that *** has conserved carbohydrate recognition domain(CRD) of CTL, containing an EPS(Glu-Pro-Ser) motif that may imply the function of recognition of carbohydrates like others invertebrate. *** mRNAs were mainly detected in ganglion and hepatopancreas, and expression was highly up-regulated from 2 h after Vibrio harveyi challenge, rapidly decreased at 4 h, and significantly increased at 12 h. In addition, after challenge with Vibrio parahaemolytics, *** gene expression was slightly up-regulated from 2 h, peaked at 12 h. Enzyme activity(in the hepatopancreas) and cell immune(in the hemolymph) were investigated along with Superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity, alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity and cell cycle. SOD activities were significantly higher after V. harveyi challenge and V. parahaemolytics than that in the control group, respectively. By contrast, ALP activities were significantly inhibited after challenged with bacteria than that in the control group, respectively. Enzyme activities in the hepatopancreas obviously fluctuated, and ALP activity was more sensitive to bacteria. Cell responses indicated that there were a significant higher percentage of cells in the S and G2/M phase in hemolymph after challenged with bacteria. Our results suggested that the immune response of O. reevesii could be activated by pathogenic bacteria, and the data will pro
Tumor necrosis factor(TNF) receptor-associated factors(TRAFs) are key signaling adaptor proteins not only for the TNF receptor superfamily but also for the interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor(IL-1R/TLR) superfam...
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Tumor necrosis factor(TNF) receptor-associated factors(TRAFs) are key signaling adaptor proteins not only for the TNF receptor superfamily but also for the interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor(IL-1R/TLR) superfamily. TRAFs involve in a wide spectrum of cellular responses including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. TRAFs have been described in several mollusks, but a comprehensive analysis of the TRAFs gene family in Chlamys nobilis has not yet been reported. In this study, we identified 4 CnTRAF genes in C. nobilis. The gene structures and chromosomes location of CnTRAF genes were analyzed, highly conserved regions of TRAFs were identified in all of the CnTRAF genes. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted with other mollusk and vertebrate species to determine their identities and evolutionary, 4 CnTRAF genes were clustered into TRAF2, TRAF3, TRAF4 and TRAF6, respectively. To gain insights into the roles of TRAF genes, the expression profiles were determined during scallop under low pH, low sanity responses, expression analysis showed that CnTRAF genes were highly expressed responded to low pH, low sanity stress. Our results provide foundational information about the TRAF gene family in the scallop, and open the door for future research on the functions of these genes.
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