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有机物料腐熟剂在秸秆和畜禽粪便中的应用

有机物料腐熟剂在秸秆和畜禽粪便中的应用

引用

中国畜牧兽医学会动物微生态学分会第五届第十三次全国学术研讨会

作者：张丽霞王琦侯淑娟王俊文史伟中农绿康(北京)生物技术有限公司中国农业大学

我国是农业大国,每年产生大量的秸秆和畜禽粪便,处理不当不仅资源浪费而且会造成环境污染。有机物料腐熟剂是根据植物微生态原理,选用能够快速腐解秸秆和畜禽粪便的有益芽胞杆菌、木霉和酵母菌等,采用现代微生物发酵工程技术加工制备而... 详细信息

我国是农业大国,每年产生大量的秸秆和畜禽粪便,处理不当不仅资源浪费而且会造成环境污染。有机物料腐熟剂是根据植物微生态原理,选用能够快速腐解秸秆和畜禽粪便的有益芽胞杆菌、木霉和酵母菌等,采用现代微生物发酵工程技术加工制备而成。可以使作物秸秆和畜禽粪便快速升温、腐熟,可杀死多种病原菌、寄生虫卵、杂草种子,使作物秸秆达到无害化标准,避免作物病害的再次感染,提高土壤有机质含量。有机物料腐熟剂适用范围广,已在东北、华北、华东、西南、华南、西北等多个省市区试验推广,完善了有机物料腐熟剂在不同作物秸秆和畜禽粪便上的使用方法。在利用有机物料腐熟剂进行玉米秸秆还田的试验中,处理区土壤含氮量较对照高出21.6%有机质含量较对照高出17%,在此地块播种小麦,小麦产量相对于不施用腐熟剂直接进行玉米秸秆还田的处理小麦产量提升了10.9%。利用有机物料腐熟剂进行小麦秸秆还田,土壤含氮量较对照高出4.27%,有机质含量较对照高出12.14%。处理区播种玉米,玉米产量相对于不施用腐熟剂直接进行小麦秸秆还田的处理产量提升了17.8%。棉花秸秆还田的试验中,施用有机物料腐熟剂后,土壤含氮量和有机质含量均有提升。次年棉花的产量相对于对照提升了6.8%。在青海、宁夏等地利用有机物料腐熟剂对羊粪进行堆腐,羊粪起温快,除臭效果明显,腐熟后的羊粪施入枸杞园,枸杞长势好,落叶少。在大兴、山西、陕西等地利用有机物料腐熟剂进行鸡粪堆腐发酵,起温快,除臭效果好,彻底腐熟效果好,堆腐的鸡粪施入设施蔬菜地,蔬菜长势旺盛,病虫害明显减少。在甘肃省定西市陇西县、内蒙古丰镇市以及北京市延庆区对尾菜进行腐熟试验,15天完全腐熟。综上,有机物料腐熟剂对不同作物秸秆、畜禽粪便、尾菜等农业废弃物均具有快速腐熟,杀死病菌、虫卵和草籽等作用,除臭效果明显,有机物料腐熟剂中的有益微生物还可以在堆腐后的还田过程中起到促进植物生长,增进植物抗逆性的作用。

关键词：有机物料腐熟剂秸秆畜禽粪便尾菜

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Bacillus licheniformis normalize the ileum microbiota of chickens infected with necrotic enteritis

Bacillus licheniformis normalize the ileum microbiota of chi...

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中国畜牧兽医学会动物微生态学分会第五届第十三次全国学术研讨会

作者： Shuai Xu Yicen Lin Dong Zeng Mengjia Zhou Yan Zeng Hesong Wang Yi Zhou Hui Zhu Kangcheng Pan Bo Jing Xueqin Ni Animal Microecology Institute College of Veterinary MedicineSichuan Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural University

Necrotic enteritis(NE) is a severe intestinal disease,which can change gut microbiota and result in a high cost for the poultry industry ***,little is known regarding how the gut microbiota of NE chicken ileum are changed by Bacillus *** study was conducted to investigate how ileum microbiota structure was changed by *** in broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens-induced NE through Illumina MiSeq *** broilers were randomly separated into four groups:the negative control group(NC),the positive control group(PC),the fishmeal and coccidia group(FC),and the PC group supplied with feed containing ***(BL).Compared to the PC and FC,alpha diversity,beta diversity,and the bacterial taxa of the ileum microbiota were more similar in BL and *** genera,which were related to the NE control,became insignificant in BL with NC,such as Lactobacillus,Lactococcus,Bacteroides,Ruminococcus and *** PICRUSt analysis revealed that a tumour suppressor gene,p53,which was negatively correlated with Helicobacter,was enriched in the BL *** findings showed that the ileum microbiota disorder caused by NE in chickens was normalized by dietary *** supplementation.

关键词： Bacillus licheniformis Broiler chickens Necrotic enteritis Illumina MiSeq sequencing Ileum Microbiota

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Assessment of the physicochemical properties and bacterial composition of Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium-fermented Astragalus membranaceus using single molecule,real-time sequencing technology

Assessment of the physicochemical properties and bacterial c...

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中国畜牧兽医学会动物微生态学分会第五届第十三次全国学术研讨会

作者： Hongxing Qiao Xiaojing Zhang Hongtao Shi Yuzhen Song Chuanzhou Bian Aizhen Guo The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy

We investigated if fermentation with probiotic cultures could improve the production of health-promoting biological compounds in Astragalus *** tested the probiotics Enterococcus faecium,Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium + Lactobacillus plantarum and applied PacBio single molecule,real-time sequencing technology(SMRT) to evaluate the quality of Astragalus *** found that the production rates of acetic acid,methylacetic acid,aethyl acetic acid and lactic acid using *** + *** were 1866.24 mg/kg on day 15,203.80 mg/kg on day 30,996.04 mg/kg on day 15,and 3081.99 mg/kg on day 20,*** production rates were:polysaccharides,9.43%,8.51%,and 7.59%on day 10;saponins,19.6912 mg/g,21.6630 mg/g and 20.2084 mg/g on day 15;and flavonoids,1.9032 mg/g,2.083 S mg/g,and 1.7086 mg/g on day20 using ***,*** and *** + ***,*** was used to analyze microbial composition,and we found that *** and *** were the most prevalent species after fermentation for 3 *** + *** gave more positive effects than single strains in the Astragalus solid state fermentation *** data demonstrated that the SMRT sequencing platform is applicable to quality assessment of Astragalus fermentation.

关键词： Astragalus membranaceus Enterococcus faecium fermentation Lactobacillus plantarum single-molecule real-time technology

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肠道菌群的改变对旋毛虫感染小鼠的影响

肠道菌群的改变对旋毛虫感染小鼠的影响

引用

中国畜牧兽医学会动物微生态学分会第五届第十三次全国学术研讨会

作者：郭歆岩黄海斌王春凤杨桂连吉林农业大学动物科学技术学院吉林省动物微生态制剂工程研究中心

引言肠道线虫与肠道菌群共生在肠道内,线虫感染可以影响宿主肠道微生物群分布状态,而肠道微生物区系的改变也对线虫数量和适应性的产生影响。本实验探讨旋毛虫感染对肠道菌群紊乱小鼠的影响,旨在为肠道寄蠕虫、肠道菌群、宿主免疫三者... 详细信息

引言肠道线虫与肠道菌群共生在肠道内,线虫感染可以影响宿主肠道微生物群分布状态,而肠道微生物区系的改变也对线虫数量和适应性的产生影响。本实验探讨旋毛虫感染对肠道菌群紊乱小鼠的影响,旨在为肠道寄蠕虫、肠道菌群、宿主免疫三者相互作用研究提供参考。材料与方法BALB/c小鼠灌服头孢曲松钠（剂量5/kg）,2次/天,间隔8小时,连续8天,建立肠道菌群紊乱模型,之后小鼠感染300条旋毛虫。在感染后7、14、21、28、35天收集小鼠的粪便,通过PCR-DGGE和菌落计数观察肠道菌群的变化;采集小鼠小肠及舌肌,HE染色观察小肠及舌肌病理变化;用流式细胞术检测各组小鼠旋毛虫感染后7、14、21、28、35天肠系膜淋巴结（MLN）、脾（SLP）的Th2型细胞因子IL-10、IL-4及Th1型细胞因子IFN-γ表达量的变化情况;将旋毛虫成虫与大肠杆菌、肠球菌、乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌共培养观察其对成虫活力及产生新生幼虫的影响。结果与讨论PCR-DGGE结果显示,肠道菌群紊乱小鼠感染旋毛虫后7、14、21天肠道菌群丰富度升高,提示旋毛虫感染有助于肠道菌群失调模型菌群的恢复。粪便菌落计数结果显示,模型组小鼠菌群中乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、肠球菌与对照组比较显著降低（P<0.05）,菌群紊乱小鼠感染旋毛虫后第7、14、21、28天粪便中乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、肠球菌数量与模型组相比显著升高（P<0.05）。感染组小鼠MLN和SLP中CD3CD4T细胞中IL-4、IL-10分泌量在感染后7、14、21、28天显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,但与模型组相比差异不显著。病理切片结果显示,旋毛虫感染可以导致小鼠肠壁变薄,炎性细胞浸润,杯状细胞增多。菌群紊乱小鼠感染旋毛虫后第7、14、21天肠道病变与感染组小鼠相比明显加重。染旋毛虫后第28和35天菌群紊乱小鼠舌肌与感染组相比虫体数量、浸润炎性细胞均减少。乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、肠球菌与旋毛虫成虫共培养能够促进新生蚴虫的产生,对照组比较差异显著（P<0.05）;大肠杆菌对新生蚴虫的产生具有抑制作用,差异显著（P<0.05）。旋毛虫具有调节肠道菌群的功能,通过恢复乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌可以增强旋毛虫活力和孵育率,提高宿主Th2免疫反应。

关键词：旋毛虫肠道菌群细菌免疫调节

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Astragalus Affects Fecal Microbial Composition of Young Hens as Determined by 16S rRNA Sequencing

Astragalus Affects Fecal Microbial Composition of Young Hens...

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中国畜牧兽医学会动物微生态学分会第五届第十三次全国学术研讨会

作者： Honging Qiao Liheng Zhang Hongtao Shi Yuzhen Song Chuanzhou Bian College of Veterinary Medicine Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy Probiotics Bio-transformation Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province Key Laboratory of Probiotics Fermentation Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhengzhou city

The gut microbiota play important roles in the degradation of chemical compounds of herbal medicines(HMs).However,little information regarding the interplay between HMs and the gut microbiota is ***,the aim of this study was to investigate the composition of the fecal microbiota of young(age,11 weeks) hens fed a conventional diet containing a crude Astragalus(0.5%)additive for 21 days(group A) ***(group B) that were fed only conventional *** fecal contents of 14-week-old hens were collected for DNA extraction,and then the V3 and V4 hyper-variable regions of the 16 S rRNA gene were amplified and analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology.A distinctive difference in microbial diversity was observed between the two *** microbial composition of hens fed a diet supplemented with Astragalus was greater than that of the control *** the genus level,Lactobacillus was more abundant in group A than group B(p < 0.0 S).Importantly,this study is the first to report the observation of a novel Romboutsia *** the feces of ***,Romboutsia was less abundant in group A than group B(17.94 vs.33.98%,respectively,p <0.05).The microbial community differed significantly between the two groups at the genus level,suggesting that Astragalus modulates the composition of the fecal *** on these differences,these findings provide fresh insights into the application of Astragalus in the poultry industry,as well as a better understanding of the interplay between HMs and the gut microbiota.

关键词： herbal medicine microbiota NGS Lactobacillus Romboutsia

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Microbial Biogeography Along the Gastrointestinal Tract of a Red Panda

Microbial Biogeography Along the Gastrointestinal Tract of a...

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中国畜牧兽医学会动物微生态学分会第五届第十三次全国学术研讨会

作者： Yan Zeng Dong Zeng Yi Zhou Lili Niu Jiabo Deng Yang Li Yang Pu Yicen Lin Shuai Xu Qian Liu Lvchen Xiong Mengjia Zhou Kangcheng Pan Bo Jing Xueqin Ni Animal Microecology Institute College of VeterinarySichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Wildlife Institute Chengdu Zoo Sichuan Animal Science Research Institute

The red panda(Ailurus julgens) is a herbivorous carnivore that is protected *** gastrointestinal tract(GIT) microbial community has widely acknowledged its vital role in host health,especially in diet digestion;However,no study to date has revealed the GIT microbiota in the red ***,we characterized the microbial biogeographical characteristics in the GIT of a red panda using high-throughput sequencing *** differences were observed among GIT segments by beta diversity of microbiota,which were divided into four distinct groups:the stomach,small intestine,large intestine,and *** stomach and duodenum showed less bacterial diversity,but contained higher bacterial abundance and the most unclassified *** number of species in the stomach and small intestine samples was higher man that of the large intestine and fecal samples.A total of 133 core operational taxonomic units were obtained from the GIT samples with 97%sequence ***(52.16%),Firmicutes(10.09%),and Bacteroidetes(7.90%) were the predominant phyla in the GIT of the red ***,Escherichia-Shigella were largely abundant in the stomach,small intestine,and feces whereas the abundance of Bacteroides in the large intestine was ***,our study provides a deeper understanding of the gut biogeography of the red panda microbial *** research will be important to investigate the microbial culture,metagenomics and metabolism of red panda GIT,especially in Escherichia-Shigella.

关键词： Ailurus fulgens gastrointestinal tract microbiota Escherichia-Shigella Illumina HiSeq sequencing

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High-altitude living shapes the skin microbiome in humans and pigs

High-altitude living shapes the skin microbiome in humans an...

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中国畜牧兽医学会动物微生态学分会第五届第十三次全国学术研讨会

作者： Bo Zeng Jiangchao Zhao Wei Guo Siyuan Zhang Yutong Hua Jingsi Tang Fanli Kong Xuewu Yang Lizhi Fu Kun Liao Xianqiong Yu Guohong Chen Long Jin Surong Shuai Jiandong Yang Xiaohui Si Ruihong Ning Sudhanshu Mishra Ying Li Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural University Division of Agriculture Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of Arkansas

While the skin microbiome has been shown to play important roles in health and disease in several species,the effects of altitude on the skin microbiome and how high-altitude skin microbiomes may be associated with health and disease states remains largely *** 16 S rRNA marker gene sequencing,we characterized the skin microbiomes of people from two racial groups(the Tibetans and the Hans) and of three local pig breeds(Tibetan pig,Rongchang pig,and Qingyu pig) at high and low *** skin microbial communities of low-altitude pigs and humans were distinct from those of high-altitude pigs and humans,with five bacterial taxa(Arthrobacter,Paenibacillus,Carnobacterium,and two unclassified genera in families Cellulomonadaceae and Xanthomonadaceae) consistently enriched in both pigs and humans at high *** diversity was also significantly lower in skin samples collected from individuals living at high altitude compared to individuals at low *** of the taxa unique to high-altitude humans and pigs are known extremophiles adapted to harsh environments such as those found at high *** our data reveal that altitude has a significant effect on the skin microbiome of pigs and humans.

关键词： Skin microbiome high altitude Tibetans Tibetan pigs 16S rRNA

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Probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 induces Autophagy to Protect against Pathogens in Macrophages

Probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 induces Autophagy ...

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中国畜牧兽医学会动物微生态学分会第五届第十三次全国学术研讨会

作者： Yanping Wu Yang Wang Hai Zou Baikui Wang Qiming Sun Aikun Fu Yuanyuan Wang Yibing Wang Xiaogang Xu Weifen Li Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education Institute of Feed ScienceCollege of Animal SciencesZhejiang University Department of Cardiology Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Department of Biochemistry School of MedicineZhejiang University

Probiotics are increasingly applied in popularity in both humans and *** of research has revealed their beneficial effects,including the immune modulation in intestinal pathogens ***,cellular process that involves the delivery of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles to the lysosome for degradation and recirculation,is essential to protect cells against bacterial ***,the mechanism of probiotics-mediated autophagy and its role in the elimination of pathogens are still ***,we evaluated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06(Ba)-induced autophagy and its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli in RAW264.7 *** blotting and confocal laser scanning analysis showed that Ba stimulated autophagy in a dose-and time-dependent ***-induced autophagy was found to play a role in the elimination of intracellular bacteria when RAW264.7 cells were challenged with Escherichia coli(***).Ba induced autophagy by increasing the expression of Beclin1 and Atg5-Atg12-Atg16 complex,but not the AKT/mTOR signaling ***,Ba pretreatment attenuated the activation of JNK in RAW264.7 cells during *** infection,further indicating a protective role for probiotics via modulating macrophage *** above findings highlight a novel mechanism underlying the antibacterial activity of *** study enriches the current knowledge on probiotic-mediated autophagy,and provides a new perspective on the prevention of bacterial infection in intestine,which further the application of probiotics in food products.

关键词： probiotics Bacillus amyloliquefaciens autophagy pathogens antibacterial activity signaling pathways

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Immune response characterization of mice immunized with Lactobacillus plantarum expressing spike antigen of transmissible gastroenteritis virus

Immune response characterization of mice immunized with Lact...

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中国畜牧兽医学会动物微生态学分会第五届第十三次全国学术研讨会

作者： Wen-Tao Yang Qiong-Yan Li Yan-Long Jiang Hai-Bin Huang Chun-Wei Shi Jian-Zhong Wang Guan Wang Yuan-Huan Kang Jing Liu Gui-Lian Yang Chun-Feng Wang College of Animal Science and Technology Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal ProbioticsKey Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of EducationJilin Agricultural University

The highly infectious porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus(TGEV),which belongs to the coronaviruses(CoVs),causes diarrhea and high mortality rates in piglets,resulting in severe economic losses in the pork industry *** this study,we used Lactobacillus plantarum(***) to anchor the expression of TGEV antigen(S) to dendritic cells(DCs) via dendritic cell-targeting peptides(DCpep).The results show that S antigen could be detected on the surface of *** by different detection ***,flow cytometry and ELISA techniques were used to measure the cellular,mucosal and humoral immune responses of the different orally gavaged mouse *** obtained results demonstrated the significant effect of the constructed *** expressing S-DCpep fusion proteins in inducing high expression levels of B7 molecules on DCs,as well as high levels of IgG,secretory IgA,and IFN-γ and IL-4 cytokines compared with the other ***,surface expression of DC-targeted antigens successfully induced cellular,mucosal and humoral immunity in mice and could be used as a vaccine.

关键词： L.plantarum TGEV S protein DCpep Mucosal immune response

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纳米氧化锌的抗菌机制、生物学功能及其在仔猪中的应用

纳米氧化锌的抗菌机制、生物学功能及其在仔猪中的应用

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中国畜牧兽医学会动物微生态学分会第五届第十三次全国学术研讨会

作者：崔艺燕马现永田志梅邓盾王刚刘志昌余苗广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所畜禽育种国家重点实验室农业部华南动物营养与饲料重点实验室广东省畜禽育种与营养研究重点实验室广东畜禽肉品质量安全控制与评定工程技术研究中心

仔猪腹泻严重制约了养猪生产,若能降低断奶仔猪腹泻的发生率,则能提高我国养猪生产水平,提高经济效益。中华人民共和国农业部公告第2625号明确了仔猪配合饲料中锌元素的最高限量为110 mg/kg,仔猪断奶后前两周允许添加1600 mg/kg（以锌... 详细信息

仔猪腹泻严重制约了养猪生产,若能降低断奶仔猪腹泻的发生率,则能提高我国养猪生产水平,提高经济效益。中华人民共和国农业部公告第2625号明确了仔猪配合饲料中锌元素的最高限量为110 mg/kg,仔猪断奶后前两周允许添加1600 mg/kg（以锌元素计）。如何提高锌的生物利用率,用低剂量锌达到与高剂量普通氧化锌的防腹泻效果,实现氧化锌减量、减排成为目前研究的重点。纳米氧化锌是直径在1～100 nm的氧化锌产品,具有独特的体积效应和表面效应。其物理尺寸越小,生物学活性越高。纳米氧化锌的抗菌、抑菌以及防腹泻机制如下:（1）锌离子溶出破坏细胞膜,使细菌蛋白质变性,或与核酸结合,抑制细菌繁殖;（2）受紫外线、可见光激活,产生的HO破坏细菌胞壁;（3）纳米粒子与细胞膜互作,破坏细胞膜结构和功能;（4）能够与植物乳杆菌互作,提高仔猪肠道双歧杆菌属、乳杆菌属数量,降低肠杆菌菌属、肠球菌属数量;（5）促进肠黏膜损伤修复,增加紧密连接蛋白的表达,缓解肠道通透性的改变。低剂量纳米氧化锌应用于仔猪生产,其生物学功能如下:（1）抑制革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌活性;（2）其吸收效率、利用效率高于普通氧化锌,毒性则低于普通氧化锌;（3）能吸附饲料、胃肠道霉菌毒素以及病原菌毒素;（4）有效降低仔猪腹泻率,提高生长性能,促进机体健康;（5）降低血液甘油三酯、总胆固醇、尿素氮含量,提高碱性磷酸酶活力、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量,调节机体物质代谢;（6）提高仔猪肝脏、血液、肠道的抗氧化以及免疫功能,缓解断奶应激;（7）提高机体金属硫蛋白的表达,促进组织锌沉积,降低粪便锌排放;（8）降低肠道大肠杆菌数量,改善肠道微生态,提高肠道粘膜层厚度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值,促进肠道健康。综上所述,纳米氧化锌能够通过多途径提高仔猪生产性能、降低腹泻率,可低剂量替代高剂量普通氧化锌,对于替代抗生素也具有较好效果,是绿色、安全、高效的饲料添加剂。纳米氧化锌的应用对生猪养殖健康发展、减少重金属排放、减少环境污染具有重要意义。

关键词：纳米氧化锌抗菌腹泻仔猪

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