It is postulated that insulin-like signaling plays a crucial role in the development of both the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and in parasitic *** the structures and functions of the fork-head transcrip...
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It is postulated that insulin-like signaling plays a crucial role in the development of both the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and in parasitic *** the structures and functions of the fork-head transcription factor-encoding gene,daf-16 and the insulin receptor-like gene, daf-2,from *** have been well studied,little is known about their orthologues from parasitic *** the present study,using genomic approaches,we have determined the structures of two complete daf-16 orthologues(designated as Hc-daf-16.1 and Hc-daf-16.2),one daf-2 orthologue(Hc-daf-2) in the parasitic nematode Haemonchus *** have also detected their transcripts in key developmental stages of *** and demonstrated conservation of the regulatory function of dauer in Hc-daf-16.2 using *** as a genetic *** findings from this study provide further evidence of the functional conservation of daf-16,and of insulin-like signaling,generally,between key parasitic nematodes and *** study has important implications for understanding the developmental processes of parasitic nematodes.
The efficacies of DNA vaccines encoding either Eimeria acervulina lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) antigen or a combination of LDH antigen and chicken IL-2 or IFN-γwere evaluated against chicken *** vaccine plasmids pVAX-L...
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The efficacies of DNA vaccines encoding either Eimeria acervulina lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) antigen or a combination of LDH antigen and chicken IL-2 or IFN-γwere evaluated against chicken *** vaccine plasmids pVAX-LDH,pVAX-LDH-IFN-γand pVAX-LDH-IL-2 were constructed using the eukaryotic expression vector *** of proteins encoded by plasmids DNA in vivo were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and western blot *** body weight gain,oocyst output,survival rate and lesion scores were measured to evaluate the protective effects of vaccination on challenge *** results showed that DNA vaccines could obviously alleviate body weight loss,duodenal lesions,oocyst output and enhance oocyst decrease ratio. Anti-coccidial indexes(ACIs) of pVAX-LDH-IFN-γand pVAX-LDH-IL-2 groups were higher than that of other *** cytometric analysis of T lymphocytes in spleen and cecal tonsil demonstrated that DNA vaccines had significantly increased percentages of CD3+T cells compared with pVAX1 alone or TE buffer. The results provided the first proof that DNA vaccine carrying *** LDH antigen gene induced protective immunity against homologous infection and its effect could be enhanced by co-expression of chickenIL-2 or IFN-γ.
The study describes vaccination experiments with highly immunogenic sporozoite *** cSZ-2 coadministered with chicken IL-2(chIL-2) and interferon-γ(chIFN-γ) to determine their efficacies against homologue *** entire ...
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The study describes vaccination experiments with highly immunogenic sporozoite *** cSZ-2 coadministered with chicken IL-2(chIL-2) and interferon-γ(chIFN-γ) to determine their efficacies against homologue *** entire coding sequence of cSZ2,chIL-2 and chIFN-γwere cloned into eukaryotic expression vector pVAX1,constructing DNA vaccines pVAX1-cSZ2,pVAX1-chIL-2, pVAX1-chIFN-γ,pVAX1-cSZ2-chIL-2 and pVAX1-cSZ2-chIFN-γ.The expression of target genes in vivo was detected by RT-PCR and Western *** experiments were carried out by vaccinating chickens two times at dose rate of 100μg *** 28 days of age,all chickens were inoculated orally with 1×105 sporulated oocysts of *** except the unchallenged control *** days after challenge,all chickens were weighted and slaughtered for duodenum *** results indicated that these DNA vaccines were successfully constructed and the antigen genes could be expressed effectively in *** findings also demonstrated best synergistic effect of IL-2 with this protein which suggested that co-administration of cytokines with this antigen was a powerful method to enhance immunity by alleviating intestinal lesions,body weight loss and oocyst count imparting partial protection against homologous challenge.
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