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Role of miRNAs in oligodendrocyte myelination

Role of miRNAs in oligodendrocyte myelination

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Kang ZHENG,Meng-Sheng QIU~* The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 310036,China

Objective Oligodendrocytes are macroglia which form myelin sheaths in the CNS,and the integrity of myelin is essential to rapid and accurate transmission of action *** pathogenic factors,such as the autoimmunity and mechanical injury,can lead to severe *** oligodendrocyte progenitor cells are present in the adult CNS,they fail to remyelinate *** regeneration to some extent recapitulates development, understanding the molecular mechanism underlying developmental myelination is essential for experimental designs to promote axonal *** this study,we investigated the function role of miRNA in myelination in hope for unraveling molecular cues for enhancing *** Conditional disruption of miRNAs in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells(CNPDicer)and analyzing its effect on ***（1）By blocking the miRNA maturation,there is no obvious effect on proliferation and maintenance of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells;（2）Oligodendrocyte differentiation is slightly delayed in CNPDicermutant mice.（3）Loss of miRNA has little effect on sustaining integrity of myelin *** miRNAs fine-tune oligodendrocyte maturation,but are not essential for axonal myelination.

关键词： oligodendrocyte myelination miRNA Dicer

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Defining the telencephalic pallial and subpallial progenitor domains and rostral migratory stream in the fetal human brain

Defining the telencephalic pallial and subpallial progenitor...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Congmin WANG~1,Tong MA~1,Yan YOU~1,Zhengang YANG~(1,*) 1 Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032, China

The human telencephalon,comprising a large number of distinct types of neurons,is considered the most complex biological structure known to ***,our understanding of the origin of neural diversity in the mammalian telencephalon has been largely obtained from ***,we have revealed that the expression patterns of several transcription factors in the developing human telencephalon are similar to that of the murine brain,which enables us to successfully identify four main proliferative domains:the dorsal telencephalon ventricular/subventricular zone and the lateral,medial,caudal ganglionic ***,we also demonstrate the existence and general configuration of the rostral migratory stream in the fetal human *** study generates a molecular map of the different progenitor domains present in the developing human telencephalon and should serve as a basis for a better understanding of the generation of neuronal diversity in the human forebrain.

关键词： human telencephalon neural progenitors pallium ganglionic eminences subventricular zone rostral migratory stream

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Regional atrophy of the basal ganglia and thalamus in idiopathic generalized epilepsy

Regional atrophy of the basal ganglia and thalamus in idiopa...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Hanjian DU,Hua FENG Southwest Hospital

Background Earlier studies found that gray matter volume in the frontal,parietal and temporal lobes is significantly altered in idiopathic generalized epilepsy(IGE).Research has indicated that a relationship exists between the brain's subcortical structures and ***,little is known about possible changes in the subcortical structures in *** To determine the changes in the shape of subcortical structures in IGE using vertex *** Fourteen male patients with IGE and 28 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in this study,which used high-resolution magnetic resonance *** performed a vertex-based shape analysis, in which we compared patients with IGE with the controls,on the subcortical structures that we had obtained from the MRI *** Statistical analysis showed significant regional atrophy in the left thalamus,left putamen and bilateral globus pallidus in patients with *** These results indicate that regional atrophy of the basal ganglia and the thalamus may be related to seizure *** the future,these findings may prove useful for choosing new therapeutic regimens.

关键词： IGE thalamus globus pallidus atrophy

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Balanced bilateral sensory input is essential for target selection of callosal axons

Balanced bilateral sensory input is essential for target sel...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Ying HUANG~(**),Ning-Ning SONG~(**),Lei ZHANG,Ze-Lan HU,Jia-Yin CHEN,Yu-Qiang DING~* Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology,Tongji University School of Medicine,Shanghai 20092,China

Prior to initial contact formation,intrinsic developmental programs and external guidance cues are responsible for guiding growing axons into their target *** input is generally thought to be necessary for refining and consolidating neuronal connections in developing neuronal *** here report that cortical callosal axons in the somatosensory cortex absolutely require sensory input for their target selection in the contralateral cortex. Eliminating sensory input to either hemisphere by unilateral transection of the infraorbital nerve(ION) prevents target selection of callosal axons in the contralateral ***,blocking sensory input bilaterally,by simultaneously transecting both IONs,callosal projections are largely *** contrast,non-simultaneous bilateral ION transection has the same effect as unilateral transection,regardless of which side is lesioned *** data demonstrate the critical role of somatosensory input in guiding callosal axons into their target cortical territory.

关键词： activity barrel cortex somatosensory cortex infraorbital nerve(ION) callosal axon

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Epileptic electric source localization based on fMRI network information

Epileptic electric source localization based on fMRI network...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： De-Zhong YAO~*,Xu LEI,Cheng LUO Key Laboratory for Neurolnformation of Ministry of Education,Univeristy of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu 610054,China

Objective The epileptic source localization is an important issue for diagnostics and control of epileptic *** better method has be the major goal in this field for a long *** this work,based on the simultaneously recorded EEG and fMRI,we are aimed at developing novel source localization method based on EEG-fMRI information *** By utilizing Bayesian model,a new epileptic EEG source localization method,network-based source imaging(NESOI),is desinged which adopts the fMRI network information obtained by independent component analysis as the spatial *** Compared with other typical source localization methods on simulation data,NESOI demnostrates itself with the smallest localization error,then an illustration application to a real epileptic data shows that NESOI may result in a more physiologically reasonable source localization result than the fMRI SPM *** The EEG-fMRI fusion based novel method NESOI is a potentially useful tool for clinic practice in epileptic disorder.

关键词： source localization simultaneously recorded EEG and fMRI brain network bayesian model

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miRNAs are important regulators of astrocyte development

miRNAs are important regulators of astrocyte development

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Qing-Ting CHI,Kang ZHENG,Meng-Sheng QIU~* The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 310036,China

Objective Many CNS pathologies are associated with changes in the structure and function of astrocytes. When the lesioned brain and spinal cord tissues undergo the repairing process,astrocytes reactivate and form glial scars that have a detrimental effect on neural *** the molecular regulation of astrocyte development could help to prevent astrogliosis in CNS ***,at present,little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying astrocyte *** this study,we attempted to explore the functional role of miRNAs in astrocyte differentiation during *** We generated the GFAP Dicer mice line to block the miRNA function in differentiating astrocytes,and analyze the differential expression of glial specific molecular markers in the spinal cord between mutant and control ***（1） Disruption of miRNAs delays astrocyte maturation;（2） Absence of miRNAs in astrocyte can interfere with oligodendrocyte myelination;（3） miRNAs contribute to the formation and maintenance of astrocyte structure and *** miRNAs are important regulators of astrocyte development.

关键词： astrocyte miRNA spinal cord differentiation

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Enhanced holistic processing in pure alexia

Enhanced holistic processing in pure alexia

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Hanyu SHAO~1,Zhongqin CHEN~2,Xuchu WENG~(1,*) 1 Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 310015,China 2 Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310008,China

Objectives Damage to the left occipito-temporal cortex often leads to pure alexia,which is characterized by an extreme slowness in *** is well known that the left hemisphere(LH) is specialized for analytic processing and the RH for holistic *** thus hypothesize that the processing of visual words in patients with pure alexia might rely more on holistic process than in normal *** We tested a patient with pure alexia and a group of young controls(n = 32) using a character composite paradigm,which allows the measurement of failures of selective attention to parts of a character that result from a holistic processing *** this paradigm,participants saw pairs of Chinese characters presented briefly and then made a same/different judgment about the attended halves of the two *** Holistic processing was revealed by the interference from the unattended *** patient showed a larger interference effect than the *** Enhanced holistic processing of characters may be a characteristic hallmark of Chinese pure alexia.

关键词： pure alexia holistic processing character composite effect

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Synchrotron radiation based-FTIR microspectroscopy study of the striatum in 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease

Synchrotron radiation based-FTIR microspectroscopy study of ...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Hong-Yan ZHU~*,Xiao PEI,Ling-Yan WU Lab.of Neuropharmacology and Neurotoxicology,School of Life Sciences,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444, China

In the present study,synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) was used to analyze the biochemical composition of the striatal neurons in normal and Parkinson's disease(PD) rat brain *** rat model of PD was established by 6-hydroxydopamine destroying the nigrostriatal *** detailed spectral analyses showed significant changes of cellular compositions such as lipids,proteins and nucleic acids in PD neurons with respect to *** a result,the intensities of spectral absorption assigned to lipid in the striatal neurons of PD were higher than that of ***,the unsaturation level of phospholipids decreased for PD neurons with respect to normal,indicating the high level of lipid *** analysis of protein secondary structure showed a significantly higher ratio of P-sheet in PD neurons compared to that of ***,the content of nucleic acids in PD neurons decreased in comparison to *** finding suggest that the biochemical changes in the striatal neurons might be involved in the pathogenesis of PD.

关键词： fourier transform infrared Parkinson's disease

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Non-apoptotic role of caspase-3 in synapse refinement

Non-apoptotic role of caspase-3 in synapse refinement

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Fei CHEN,Jin-Yuan WANG,Nan-Jie RUAN,Lei QIAN,Bao-Yu DUAN,Zhen-Ge LUO~* Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Neurobiology,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200031,China

During the development of vertebrate neuromuscular junction,the formation and maintenance of acetylcholine receptor(AChR) clusters are regulated by both positive and negative *** stabilizes,whereas acetylcholine(ACh) destabilizes AChR *** mechanisms underlying this counteractive interaction are not completely *** we show that caspase-3,an effector caspase involved in apoptosis,negatively regulates AChR *** found that caspase-3 was activated by cholinergic stimulation of cultured muscle *** activation did not depend on calpain,a calcium-dependent protease which is involved in the dispersion of AChR *** treatment prevented the activation of ***,inhibition or down-regulation of caspase-3 attenuated ACh agonist-induced dispersion of AChR ***,the loss of AChR clusters in agrin mutant mice was partially rescued by the inhibition of caspase-3 or genetic ablation of *** together, these results suggest a novel role of caspase-3 in the refinement of synapse.

关键词： Non-apoptotic role of caspase-3 in synapse refinement

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Update on susceptibility genes in childhood absence epilepsy

Update on susceptibility genes in childhood absence epilepsy

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Yu-Wu JIANG Peking University First Hospital

＜正＞Genetic factor has long been considered to be related to idiopathic epilepsies and the susceptibility gene for idiopathic generalized epilepsy（IGE） has grown to more than 20 genes *** vast majority of them are genes encoding channels or the proteins regulating the action of excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system（CNS）.But,these genes mutations can only explain the minor part for idiopathic epilepsy,and the genes responsible for the most common forms of idiopathic epilepsy still remain mostly *** advances recently have resulted in new high-throughput approaches that promise to accelerate the identification of new susceptibility genes and copy number variations（CNVs） for *** this talk,the recent advance of the susceptibility genes study in childhood absence epilepsy（CAE） will be reviewed,especially the two new genes probably associated to Chinese CAE patients we found by combining the whole genome SNP chip association study and direct sequence of the *** studies have revealed recurrent CNVs related to *** study showed the 15q 11.2 might be the most common CNV in Chinese CAE patients,it will be introduced.

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