Neuromedin U (NMU) has recently been reported to play a role in ***, to date, the relevant mechanisms still remain *** the present study, we investigated the expression profile of NMU receptors in mouse dorsal root ga...
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Neuromedin U (NMU) has recently been reported to play a role in ***, to date, the relevant mechanisms still remain *** the present study, we investigated the expression profile of NMU receptors in mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and identified a novel functional role of NMU in modulating T-type Ca2+ channel currents (T-currents) as well as membrane excitability in small DRG *** found that NMU inhibited T-currents in a dose-dependent manner in mouse small DRG neurons that endogenously expressed NMU type 1 (NMUR1), but not NMUR2 receptors.
Major depressive disorder is the most common mental illness, affecting roughly 20% of the general population at some point during their *** approximately half of patients respond to existing antidepressant ***, the me...
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Major depressive disorder is the most common mental illness, affecting roughly 20% of the general population at some point during their *** approximately half of patients respond to existing antidepressant ***, the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of depression remain poorly *** is often comorbid with medical conditions such as ***, an adipocyte-derived hormone, is well known for its role in the control of energy homeostasis and body *** research has provided evidence for a novel action of leptin in the regulation of mood and *** leptin levels are reduced in chronic stress models of *** treatment reverses chronic stress-induced depression-like behavioral deficits and impairment of hippocampal *** addition, we have explored limbic leptin signaling in mood-related *** implications of leptin and leptin receptor signaling in human depression will be discussed.
It is of long-standing interest about how early experiences sculpt the structure and function of cortical circuits during a brief postnatal development *** of classic paradigms for this critical-period plasticity is e...
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It is of long-standing interest about how early experiences sculpt the structure and function of cortical circuits during a brief postnatal development *** of classic paradigms for this critical-period plasticity is experience-induced ocular dominance plasticity of primary visual cortex (V1), in which brief visual deprivation of one eye in a short period after the eye-opening often results in persistent changes of V1 ocular dominance in rodents and higher *** evidence has suggested that postnatal maturation of cortical inhibition, primarily mediated by a parvalbumin-positive (PV+) type of GABAergic interneurons, is important in regulating the critical period onset.
Nurrl is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and is a regulatory factor of differentiation, migration, and maturation of mesencephalic dopaminergic *** present study was designed to observe the dynamic change...
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Nurrl is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and is a regulatory factor of differentiation, migration, and maturation of mesencephalic dopaminergic *** present study was designed to observe the dynamic changes of protein expression of Nurrl as well as its relationship with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the rat brain and spinal cord development, and to investigate the significance of Nurrl in differentiation and migration of nerve ***-embedded sections, immunohistochemistry, immunohistochemical double staining and westem blot were *** results demonstrated that in embryo development, the Nurrl-positive cells increased apparently and migrated gradually far from the lateral *** postnatal rats, the positive cells surrounding the lateral ventricle decreased *** expression of Nurrl in the cerebral cortex peaked at days P1-P5, decreased obviously along with maturation of the cells and became rare in matured cerebral cortex.
Although many extracellular axon guidance cues have been identified, the intracellular signal transduction and the cell biological mechanisms leading to directed navigation of the axon steering apparatus, the growth c...
Although many extracellular axon guidance cues have been identified, the intracellular signal transduction and the cell biological mechanisms leading to directed navigation of the axon steering apparatus, the growth cone, remain vaguely *** family morphogens, presented in concentration gradients along the main body axes, are now well-accepted axon guidance cues, conserved from mammals to C *** signal through the Frizzled receptors to mediate axon attraction and *** of the Wnt-Frizzled signaling pathways is the highly conserved planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, which establishes polarized cellular morphology along the plane of many different types of epithelial tissues in both vertebrates and *** found the core PCP components are required for Wnt5a-stimulated outgrowth and anterior-posterior guidance of commissural axons in the spinal *** can inhibit PCP signaling by increasing hyperphosphorylation of Frizzled3 and preventing its ***2 antagonizes that by reducing Frizzled3 phosphorylation and promotes internalization.
Objective The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is emerging as a useful behavioral model of human *** we further ascertain zebrafish larvae models of anxiety and validate the pharmacological effects of neuroactive compounds by ...
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Objective The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is emerging as a useful behavioral model of human *** we further ascertain zebrafish larvae models of anxiety and validate the pharmacological effects of neuroactive compounds by the light/dark preference *** We provide a detailed description of the pattern of exploratory behaviours encountered in zebrafish larvae when exposed to the light/dark preference *** find that the larvae spend less time in the dark compartment relative to the white compartment of the testing *** expression of these dark-avoidance behaviours was significantly attenuated by anxiolytic (diazepam, lorazepam) *** The findings ascertain the nature of dark-avoidance behaviours as anxiety-like behaviours and provide the pharmacological validation of the light/dark preference test for zebrafish *** behavioural based assay can accommodate drug screening of neuroactive compounds.
In this presentation, I will introduce the results from two of our recent high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) *** the first experiment, we used a newly developed continuous and differential ma...
In this presentation, I will introduce the results from two of our recent high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) *** the first experiment, we used a newly developed continuous and differential mapping method to demonstrate that the responses of individual voxels are tuned to stimulus *** the second experiment, we used a Fisher's linear classifier to show that subject's perceived stimulus orientations can be reliably ***, we found that the voxels that best encode (as in the first experiment) and decode (as in the second experiment) orientation-selective information are those closely associated with large venous vessels that run on the cortical surface.I will discuss these findings in relation to the interpreted relationship between decoded information using fMRI data and its underlying neuronal mechanisms and stress the importance of studying the neurovascular relationship at the level of cortical columns and intracortical vasculature.
The development of dendrites involves several discrete morphological steps, which depends on the regulation of the *** RhoGTPases, including RhoA, Racl and Cdc42, function as critical regulators of the actin cytoskele...
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The development of dendrites involves several discrete morphological steps, which depends on the regulation of the *** RhoGTPases, including RhoA, Racl and Cdc42, function as critical regulators of the actin cytoskeleton to play important roles in dendritic and spine morphology ***-activation of RhoA/Rock signaling causes a defect in dendritic outgrowth and branching, while down-regulation of RhoA/Rock signaling shows a more complex dendritic tree compared with ***, regulation of RhoA activity, especially down regulation of it, is critical for dendritic morphology during neuronal *** the present study, we have screened expression of 19 RhoA relative GTPase-activating proteins (RhoAGAPs), negative regulators of RhoA, in the cortical neurons.
Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS).In response to injury or inflammatory stimuli, the resting microglia can be rapidly activated to participate in pathological responses, including...
Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS).In response to injury or inflammatory stimuli, the resting microglia can be rapidly activated to participate in pathological responses, including migration to the affected site, release of various inflammatory molecules, and clearing of cellular *** released from damaged neural cells has been considered to be a major chemokine for inducing rapid process extension and migration ofmicroglial ***, ATP leaking from the local injured cells may not be able to diffuse extensively to effectively induce migration of remote microglia, because extracellular nucleotides are rapidly degraded by ecto-ATPases in the *** found that ATP-induced ATP release from microglial lysosomes contributed to the directional migration of remote *** addition, we found that ATP could function as a "drink" signal in microglia by triggering ***, we found that this purine-induced macropinocytosis is very efficient in clearing up extracellular soluble amyloid beta (Aβ), an early and key intermediate in the pathogenesis Alzheimer's disease.
Gal4/UAS system is widely used in study of Drosophila development, physiology and *** more copies of Gal4 or UAS are considered only to increase the expression level of the target gene in target *** we provide evidenc...
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Gal4/UAS system is widely used in study of Drosophila development, physiology and *** more copies of Gal4 or UAS are considered only to increase the expression level of the target gene in target *** we provide evidence to show that the change in copy number of Gal4 could affect the expression pattern of Gal4, and thus the target *** copies of two enhancer-trap originated Gal4 could either stain more or less cells than one copy of *** result cautions for a more careful examination of Gal4 expression pattern change in studies aiming at localization of underlying cells for certain phenotypes using Gal4/UAS system.
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