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Neural correlates underlying incubation effects in divergent creative thinking:An EEC alpha oscillation study

Neural correlates underlying incubation effects in divergent...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Mark Bodner MIND Research Institute Santa AnaCAUSA

The phenomenon that new better solutions pop into one's mind after putting an unsolved problem aside for a period of time is called the incubation *** the present study,we tried to investigate neural correlates underlying this effect in divergent creative *** performed Alternative Uses Tasks(AUTs) under the control condition(continuous task performance) and the incubation condition(an incubation period,interpolated task,added) respectively while EEG signals were *** results showed that after an incubation period the subjects provided more creative ideas,and the upper alpha(10-12 Hz) oscillations in the control condition increased at left frontal-central and right parietal-occipital recording sites but such increase was not observed in the incubation *** event related synchronization(ERS) has recently been hypothesized to be a sign of active cognitive processes,reflecting a positive functional correlate of top-down control in relevant neuronal ***,the incubation effect seems to restrain the growth of top-down control and keep the brain sensitive to competing and irrelevant information,which results in more unique ideas in AUT performance.

关键词： Incubation effect divergent creative thinking alternative uses task EEG alpha oscillation

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Stability of fMRI activation:evidence from fusiform face area

Stability of fMRI activation:evidence from fusiform face are...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Bing CHEN~(1,2),Wei LEI~3,Jie XI~4,Xu-Chu WENG~(2,*) 1 Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China 2 Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 310015,China 3 Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China 4 Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 10010,China

Objective Fusiform face area(FFA) is highly specialized for faces and independent of task modulation. This study was to test the stability of FFA response to face information across 4 fMRI scans spanning one year in the same group of *** Block design was adopted and the stimuli included English words,Chinese characters,and *** Linear Model(GLM) was performed to define the ROI(region of interested),i.e.,the FFA,in each *** stability of space coordinates of activation voxels within the ROI was analyzed by within-subject *** The coordinates of the voxels in the FFA ROI were highly reproducible across the 4 scans whether the ROI was defined by face *** or face *** The position of the FFA measured by fMRI is remarkably *** is feasible to use the FFA as a reference region in fMRI studies on the visual system.

关键词： Fusiform face area General Linear Model within-subject

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miRNAs are important regulators of astrocyte development

miRNAs are important regulators of astrocyte development

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Qing-Ting CHI,Kang ZHENG,Meng-Sheng QIU~* The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 310036,China

Objective Many CNS pathologies are associated with changes in the structure and function of astrocytes. When the lesioned brain and spinal cord tissues undergo the repairing process,astrocytes reactivate and form glial scars that have a detrimental effect on neural *** the molecular regulation of astrocyte development could help to prevent astrogliosis in CNS ***,at present,little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying astrocyte *** this study,we attempted to explore the functional role of miRNAs in astrocyte differentiation during *** We generated the GFAP Dicer mice line to block the miRNA function in differentiating astrocytes,and analyze the differential expression of glial specific molecular markers in the spinal cord between mutant and control ***（1） Disruption of miRNAs delays astrocyte maturation;（2） Absence of miRNAs in astrocyte can interfere with oligodendrocyte myelination;（3） miRNAs contribute to the formation and maintenance of astrocyte structure and *** miRNAs are important regulators of astrocyte development.

关键词： astrocyte miRNA spinal cord differentiation

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Update on susceptibility genes in childhood absence epilepsy

Update on susceptibility genes in childhood absence epilepsy

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Yu-Wu JIANG Peking University First Hospital

＜正＞Genetic factor has long been considered to be related to idiopathic epilepsies and the susceptibility gene for idiopathic generalized epilepsy（IGE） has grown to more than 20 genes *** vast majority of them are genes encoding channels or the proteins regulating the action of excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system（CNS）.But,these genes mutations can only explain the minor part for idiopathic epilepsy,and the genes responsible for the most common forms of idiopathic epilepsy still remain mostly *** advances recently have resulted in new high-throughput approaches that promise to accelerate the identification of new susceptibility genes and copy number variations（CNVs） for *** this talk,the recent advance of the susceptibility genes study in childhood absence epilepsy（CAE） will be reviewed,especially the two new genes probably associated to Chinese CAE patients we found by combining the whole genome SNP chip association study and direct sequence of the *** studies have revealed recurrent CNVs related to *** study showed the 15q 11.2 might be the most common CNV in Chinese CAE patients,it will be introduced.

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Latency of depolarization-induced quantal dopamine release from the somata of dopamine neurons in rat substantial nigra brain slices

Latency of depolarization-induced quantal dopamine release f...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Claire Xi ZHANG Institute of Molecular Medicine Peking University

Dopamine(DA)is an important neurotransmitter secreted from dopamine *** the CNS,together with its receptors in striatum,prefrontal cortex,amygdale and many other areas,dopamine acts as a key modulator responsible for essential physiological behaviors including mood,awarding,and movement,and for major mental disorders including neurodegenerative Parkinson’s disease,Alzheimer’s disease,Huntington’s disease,depression mode,and drug *** is well established that dopamine is released from dopaminergic ***, whether and timing of dopamine release from the somata of dopamine neurons in substantial nigra pars compacta (SNc)remains *** we show,for first time,the Cadependent somatic dopamine release from single vesicles in SNc brain *** average,7.8×10 dopamine molecules is released per quantum,which are 2.9%of the contents released from single large dense core vesicle(LDCV)in chromaffin ***,comparing to its terminal release in striatum,the latency of the evoked somatic dopamine release is substantially slower in the somata in SNc vs. terminals in striatum.

关键词： quantal dopamine release substantial nigra brain slices

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The "honest" brain region - Decoding true answers from brain activity

The "honest" brain region - Decoding true answers from brain...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Zi-Rui HUANG~(1,2,3),Zhi YANG~(1,*),Rui DAI~(3,4),Xu-Chu WENG~3 1 Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100101,China 2 Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100049,China 3 Research Center of Human Brain and Mental Disease,Hangzhou Normal University,310015,China 4 Institute of Life Science,South China Normal University,Guangzhou,510631,China

Men lie for various reasons,hiding their true thoughts which cognitive neuroscientists are eager to read out using neuroimaging techniques yet have to date not reached a clear-cut *** most studies have compared the brain response patterns between honest and deceptive answers,here we directly examined whether the faithful answers for polar questions can be decoded from BOLD *** found a unique region in the left middle frontal gyrus that successfully discriminated between positive and negative faithful responses independent of intentional suppression and stimuli *** propose the activity of this "honest" region may serve as an indicator of one's faithful answers.

关键词： deception detection searchlight fMRI faithful answers

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Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor Viagra,erectile dysfunction,and CNS diseases

Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor Viagra,erectile dysfunction,an...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Heng-Ming KE The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,USA

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases(PDEs) hydrolyze the second messengers adenosine and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphates(cAMP and cGMP) to 5'-AMP and 5'-*** one of human PDE genes are categorized into 11 families and encode>100 isoforms of PDE proteins via alternative mRNA *** selective PDE inhibitors have been widely studied as therapeutics for treatment of human diseases,such as schizophrenia and *** most successful examples of this drug class is the PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil that has been marketed as Viagra for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction and Revatio for the treatment of pulmonary *** addition,PDE5 inhibitors have been studied for the treatment of various human diseases, including(1) lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTs),(2) benign prostatic hyperplasia,(3) cardiovascular disorders,(4) ischemia-reperfusion,(5) acute adrenergic contractile stimulation,(6) chronic hypertrophy,(7) dysfunction attributable to pressure-overload,and(8) chronic heart ***,PDE5 inhibitor Viagra has been shown to improve the spatial memory and to decrease Abeta levels in the APP/PS 1 mice,suggesting its potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

关键词： PDE Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor Viagra,erectile dysfunction,and CNS diseases CNS

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Lysosomal exocytosis in Schwann cells contributes to axon re-myelination

Lysosomal exocytosis in Schwann cells contributes to axon re...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Gang CHEN~1,Zhijun ZHANG~2,Qiong CHENG~1,Zhongya WEI~1,Xia LI~1,Shumin DUAN~3,Xiaosong GU~1 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration,Nantong University,Nantong,226001,Jiangsu,China 2 Med-X Research Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200031,China 3 Department of Neurobiology,Zhejiang University School of Medicine,Hangzhou 310058,China

Myelin biogenesis is a complex process involving coordinated exocytosis,endocytosis,mRNA transport and cytoskeletal *** abnormalities of myelin are common in lysosomal storage diseases,our understanding of the role of lysosomes in the formation and maintenance of myelin is still *** we show that lysosomes in Schwann cells contain abundant myelin protein PO,which accounts for over half the total protein of compact myelin in the peripheral nervous system,and exhibit Ca-dependent exocytosis in response to various *** regulation of Rab27a,a small GTPase required for the trafficking of the secretory lysosomes to the plasma membrane,largely blocked lysosomal exocytosis in Schwann cells and inhibited the re-myelination of regenerated sciatic *** findings highlight a novel role for lysosomes in Schwann cells and suggest that the regulated lysosome exocytosis in Schwann cells may have important physiological and pathological significance in the peripheral nervous system.

关键词： Lysosomal exocytosis in Schwann cells contributes to axon re-myelination

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Characteristics of eye movements in major depression

Characteristics of eye movements in major depression

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Zhen-Lan JIN~(1,*),Zhong ZHENG~2,Miao ZHOU~1 1 School of Life Science and Technology,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,No.4,Section 2, North Jianshe Road,Chengdu 610054,China 2 West China School of Medicine,Sichuan University,48 Xiao Xue Road,Chengdu 610041,China

Objective We have compared saccadic eye movements between major depressed and normal people to find out characteristics of eye movements in depressed *** Depressed and normal subjects watched positive,neutral,or negative pictures and they were required to press a button as soon as they found smiling faces. Results We found smaller saccades amplitudes and larger pupil in depressed subjects compared to normal subjects regardless of types of ***,fixation durations were longer in depressed subjects only when watching neutral pictures and more fixation numbers were found in depressed subjects when watching positive pictures. Importantly,average pupil size significantly correlates with the HAMD(Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) score that the HAMD score gets higher as average pupil size gets *** These results demonstrate that depressed people have special characteristics of eye movements compared to normal people and particular aspect of eye movements even has potential power of predicting stages of depression.

关键词： eye movements fixation saccades pupil size major depression

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Biomarkers and drug targets of Alzheimer's disease

Biomarkers and drug targets of Alzheimer's disease

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Jian-Zhi WANG Pathophysiology Department,Key Laboratory of the Chinese Education Ministry for Neurological Disorders,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430030,China

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is the most common cause of dementia affecting 47%in the population at age over *** there are licensed treatments that can alleviate the symptoms of AD,the efficacious diseasemodifying treatments are still *** pathophysiological process of AD is believed to begin many years before the diagnosis of dementia and this long preclinical phase would provide opportunity for the *** for improving diagnosis are moving forward,but a better consensus is needed to elucidate the link between the pathological cascade of AD and the clinical *** on the prevailing scientific evidence to date,a panel of biological and neuroimaging biomarkers that support clinical diagnosis have been developed recently,but further work is needed to understand these better and to establish whether interventions can substantially lower these *** this seminar,we will provide an overview of recent evidence regarding the biomarkers or drug targets of *** these molecules are solely intended for research purposes and do not have any clinical implications at this time,we believe that these biomarkers can provide a common rubric to advance the preclinical studies of AD,and ultimately,aid the field in moving toward earlier intervention of AD when some disease-modifying therapies may be most efficacious.

关键词： Alzheimer Biomarkers and drug targets of Alzheimer's disease

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