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Liver X receptor β inhibits the transformation of radial glial cells into astrocytes during cerebral cortex development

Liver X receptor β inhibits the transformation of radial gl...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Jan-Ake Gustafsson Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling University of HoustonTX 77054

＜正＞Liver X receptor is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, predominantly expressed in the cerebral *** have previously demonstrated that LXRβis essential for migration of later-born neurons during cerebral cortex *** radial glial cells serve as scaffolds for new-born neurons migration during cerebral cortex ***,the radial glial cells were transformationed into astrocytes around postnatal 14 ***,We found that the expression of LXRβmRNA was higher than LXRαin the cerebral cortex of mice,of which the expression of LXRβwas gradually increased from E18.5 to *** specific markers for radial glia cells,we further found that loss of LXRβinduced the decreased level of BLBP in the cerebral cortex from E18.5 to P7 and increased level of GFAP from P2 to P14 compared to the WT littermates at the same age. TGFβ1 and Smad4 are believed to be related to the transformation of radial glial cells into *** expression levels of TGFβ1 and Smad4 were increased significantly in the cerebral cortex of LXRβknockout mice compared to the WT littermates from the E18.5 to ***’s no difference in the expression levels of TGFβ1 and Smad4 between the LXRβknockout mice and WT littermates from the P10 to *** together,our findings suggest that loss of LXRβaccelerates the transformation of radial glial cells into astrocytes through high levels of TGFβ1 and Smad4 in the cerebral cortex.

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The convergent regulation of the specification of D mns by unc-30 and unc-55 in ***

The convergent regulation of the specification of D mns by u...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Ge SHAN School of Life Science,University of Science and Technology,443 Huangshan Road,Hefei,230027,China

How do genetic programs create features common to a specific cell or tissue type while generating modifications necessary for functional diversification? We have addressed this question using the nematode Caenorhabditis *** dorsal D(DD) and ventral D(VD) motorneurons(mns),referred to collectively as the D mns,compose a cross-inhibitory network that contributes to the animal's sinuous *** D mns share a number of structural and functional features,but are distinguished from one another by their synaptic patterns and the expression of a neuropeptide *** findings suggest that the similarities and differences are generated at the transcriptional ***-30 contains a homeodomain and activates structural and functional genes expressed in both ***-55 is a nuclear receptor expressed in the VD mns that is necessary for generating features that distinguish the two classes of D mns from one *** unc-55 mutants,the VD mns adopt the DD mn synaptic pattern and peptide expression ***,ectopic expression of unc-55 in the DD mns causes them to adopt VD mn *** promoters of the a neuropeptide gene and several other genes expressed in the DD mns contain putative binding sites for both UNC-30 and UNC-55;alteration of these sites suggests that UNC-55 represses the ability of UNC-30 to activate a subset of genes that are expressed in the DD mns but not in the VD *** UNC-55 acts as a switch for the features that distinguish these two functionally related classes of mns.

关键词： GABAergic motor neurons unc-30 unc-55 C.elegans

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Ethyl pyruvate ameliorates the glial microenvironment and promotes spinal cord repair

Ethyl pyruvate ameliorates the glial microenvironment and pr...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Yi-Min YUAN,Zhi-Da SU,Ying-Yan PU,Jing-Jing CHEN,Feng ZHU,Yang QIU,Cheng HE~* Institute of Neuroscience and MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology,Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433,China

Objective After SCI,a series of endogenous processes,including reactive astrogliosis and neuroinflammatory response,are triggered and resulted in the formation of a degenerative microenvironment in the lesion *** many studies,this hostile environment,as well as the intrinsic incapacity of the neuron to regenerate,is regarded as an important contributor to the failure of spontaneous anatomical and functional repair of *** present study is to explore the neuroprotective effect of ethyl pyruvate in the damaged spinal cord using a rat model of SCI. Methods Initially,a scratch-wound model was applied to test reactive astrogliosis in *** vivo,astrogliosis, scar formatting and neuroinflammatory response were further assessed with a spinal cord-hemisectined SCI model. In the damaged spinal cord,survival neurons and regenerative axons was identified by TUNEL staining and BDA anterograde tracing,***,functional recovery was valuated by the Basso,Beattie,and Bresnahan openfield scoring,grid-walk test and foot-print *** In the present study,ethyl pyruvate was found to inhibit reactive astrogliosis in vitro,which was further confirmed in injured spinal *** addition,ethyl pyruvate treatment was also shown to attenuate SCI-induced neuroinflammation by decreasing the Iba-1 or CD11b-positive inflammatory cells at the lesion ***,ethyl pyruvate-treated rats showed a significantly greater number of survival neurons and regenerative axons and their behavioral functions were evidently *** Ethyl pyruvate ameliorates the glial microenvironment and promotes spinal cord repair,suggestive of a potent neuroprotective effect against SCI.

关键词： ethyl pyruvate astrogliosis neuroinflammation glial scar spinal cord injury axon regeneration

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The neurotoxicity mediated by astrocytes involved in fragile X syndrome

The neurotoxicity mediated by astrocytes involved in fragile...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Qi YANG,Kun ZHANG,Bin FENG,Yan-Yan GUO,Zhao-Hui XU,Jie HAN,Lan MA,Yu-Mei WU, Ming-Gao ZHAO~* Department of Pharmacology,School of Pharmacy,Fourth Military Medical University,Xi'an 710032,China

Fragile X syndrome(FXS) is a common inherited mental retardation caused by the lack of fragile X mental retardation protein(FMRP) due to silencing of the FMR1 *** studies suggest glia play an important role in the progression of some neurodevelopmental disorders,which including *** we found that knockout astrocytes from a fragile X mouse cannot support the normal dendritic morphology in the coculture *** their conditioned medium,we confirmed Fmrl KO astrocytes caused the abnormal neuronal growth via the neurotoxic ***,we found that Neurotrophin-3(NT-3) and glutamate were both elevated released in KO astrocytic conditioned medium(ACM).Moreover,we identified that(1) excessive NT-3 was attributed to the oxidative stress in FXS,(2) increased glutamate synthesis and release was resulted from higher expression of glutaminase and vesicular glutamate transported(VGLUT2) in Fmrl KO astrocytes,(3) overeproduction of NT-3 and glutamate in WT ACM can mimic the abnormal neuronal morphology in KO *** results support that astrocytes contribute to the dysregulated neurodevelopment of FXS and astrocytic NT-3 or glutamate production could be a therapeutic target for FXS.

关键词： Fragile X syndrome astrocytes neurotrophin-3 glutamate neurotoxicity

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Mapping synaptic connectivity by optogenetic activation with an AOD-assisted laser stimulation system

Mapping synaptic connectivity by optogenetic activation with...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Yi-Ding LI~1,Ya-Feng LIU~2,Pei-Pei SONG~1,Shao-Qun ZENG~2,Xiao-Hui ZHANG1 1 Institute of Neuroscience,State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200031,China 2 Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics,Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China

Light activation and inactivation of neurons by optogenetic techniques has emerged as an important tool for studying neural circuit function and *** achieve a rapid and precise manipulation of neuronal or circuitry activity at sub-millisecond time resolution,we have designed an acousto-optic device(AOD)-assisted blue-laser stimulation system for exciting neurons with an optogenetic probe light-activated Channelrhdopsin-2(ChR2)channels. We further evaluated the performance of this system for activating ChR2-expressing neurons in the neocortical slices acutely isolated from the Thy-l-ChR2-YFP transgenic or AAV vector injected *** results demonstrate that the AOD-assisted light activation of ChR2 channels in neurons is capable of efficiently and precisely controlling the rate and temporal sequence of neuronal spikes of different types of neocortical neurons in brain slices,and this system is promising for the studies on the mapping of functional connectivity in a local circuit as well as on the synaptic integration in a single principle cell in brain slices.

关键词： Mapping synaptic connectivity by optogenetic activation with an AOD-assisted laser stimulation system AOD

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Promoter analysis of mouse Scn3a gene and regulation of the promoter activity by GC box and CpG methylation

Promoter analysis of mouse Scn3a gene and regulation of the ...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Guang-Fei DENG,Jia-Ming QIN,Xun-Sha SUN,Zu-Ying KUANG,Tao SU,Qi-Hua ZHAO,Yi-Wu SHI,Xiao-Rong LIU,Mei-Juan YU,Yong-Hong YI,Wei-Ping LIAO,Yue-Sheng LONG Institute of Neuroscience and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University

Voltage-gated sodium channelα-subunit typeⅢ(Nav1.3) is mainly expressed in the central nervous system and is associated with neurological *** expression of mouse Scn3a product(Nav1.3) mainly occurs in embryonic and early postnatal brain but not in adult ***,we report for the first time the identification and characterization of the mouse Scn3a gene promoter region and regulation of the promoter activity by GC box and CpG *** assay showed that the promoter region F1.2(nt -1,049 to +157) had significantly higher activity in PC12 cells,omparing with that in SH-SY5Y cells and HEK293 cells.A stepwise 5' truncation of the promoter region found that the minimal functional promoter located within the region nt -168 to +*** of a GC box(nt -254 to -258) in the mouse Scn3a promoter decreased the promoter *** methylation of the F1.2 without the GC box completely repressed the promoter activity,suggesting that the GC box is a critical element in the CpG-methylated Scn3a *** results suggest that the GC box and CpG methylation might play important roles in regulating mouse Scn3a gene expression.

关键词： voltage-gated sodium channel promoter GC box CpG methylation transcriptional regulation

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Spontaneous and visible light-induced ultraweak photon emission from rat eyes

Spontaneous and visible light-induced ultraweak photon emiss...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Istvn BòKKON Istvn ANTAL Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary Department of Pharmaceutics Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary

Objective The mechanisms of the special visual phenomenon(***,visual negative afterimage, discrete dark noises,etc.) have largely *** has been hypothesized that such special visual phenomenon may be caused by ultraweak photon emissions(aka biophotons),which are kinds of very weak photon emissions from organisms or ***,to date,experimental evidence of spontaneous or visible light-induced ultraweak photon emission in human or animal eyes has not been reported due to technical *** Here we established a new type of the biophoton imaging system equipped with an EM-CCD,which is featured by high quantum efficiency, high sensibility,high signal to noise ratio(SNR) and high spatial and temporal *** this system,we detected and analyzed the ultraweak photon emissions from isolated whole eye,lens,vitreous humor and retina samples from *** We obtained the first experimental evidence for the existence of spontaneous and induced ultraweak photon emission from the whole eye and various parts of eye(lens,vitreous humor or retina).The time course of attenuation of the induced photon emission from the various parts of eye has variants after different durations of exposure(10,20,or 40 s),to different light illuminations(blue,green or red).Conclusion These results suggested that the parts of the eye(***) can emit spontaneous and induced ultraweak photon emissions,which may be the origins of negative afterimage,phosphenes and discrete dark noise.

关键词： ultraweak photon emission negative afterimage discrete dark noise retinal phosphenes

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Molecular mechanism and functional research of GAPDH S-nitrosylation induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion

Molecular mechanism and functional research of GAPDH S-nitro...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Chong LI,Jun-Jun FENG,Guang-Yi ZHANG~* Research Center of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation,Xuzhou Medical College,Xuzhou 221002,China

Objective Glycer-aldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH),a glycolytic enzyme,has long been considered a housekeeping *** has been researched as an important role of glycolytic those thirty years. Recently some studies show that administration of some stimuli could induce GAPDH S-nitrosylation and facilitate its combination of Siahl,the latter of which could induce GAPDH nucleus translocation and then cell *** objective of this study is primarily to determine whether GAPDH could be S-nitrosylated,then boost the combination of GAPDH and Siahl induced its nucleus translocation and cell death via GAPDH *** Ischemic model is rat four-vessel occlusion(4-VO) ischemic model.S-nitrosylation was examined mainly by biotin switch *** expression and protein interaction were determined by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation *** Here we show that S-nitrosylation of GAPDH was induced by cerebral *** cytoplasm,administration of MK801,an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR),or 7NI,inhibitor of nNOS,or DEP,the monoamine oxidase-B(MAO-B) inhibitor,diminished the induced S-nitrosylation of GAPDH and also the combination of GAPDH and *** In nucleus,GAPDH S-nitrosylation facilitates its nuclear *** of the 3 drugs can diminish the nuclear translocation of GAPDH and also diminish the combination of GAPDH and Siahl.

关键词： GAPDH S-nitrosylation Siah1 DEP cerebral ischemia

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Therapeutical effect of Triptolide on AD transgenic mouse model

Therapeutical effect of Triptolide on AD transgenic mouse mo...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Bing XIAO,Qi WANG,Yan ZHENG,Xiao-Min WANG~* Department of Physiology,Key Laboratory of the Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Chinese Ministry of Education Capital Medical University,No.10 Xitoutiao Street,Youanmen,Beijing 100069,China

Objective Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects the elderly. The etiology of AD is still ***,a converging line of evidence indicates that brain inflammation induced by P-amyloid(Aβ) deposition is closely associated with the pathogenesis of this ***(named as T10) is an extract from the traditional Chinese herb Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F(TWHF).It has been identified as the major component responsible for the immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects of *** previous study has elucidated that it provides neuroprotection for AD in *** present study is to explore whether it has the therapeutical effect on AD in *** 5XFAD transgenic mice model and its wild type control were intraperitoneally injected with T10 and NS,*** water maze and immunohistochemistry assaying were performed to detect behavioral and histopathological changes in these mice mentioned ***(1) Behavior of 5XFAD transgenic mice treated with T10 has been improved in Morris water maze test.(2) Immunohistochemistry data indicated that T10 reduced the aggregation of Aβ.Conclusion Triptolide(T10) has some therapeutical effects on AD.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease Triptolide 5XFAD transgenic mice

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ERK pathway activation is required for amyloid-β1-40-induced neurotoxicity of THP-1 human monocytes towards SK-N-SH neuroblastoma

ERK pathway activation is required for amyloid-β1-40-induce...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Lin-Lin YIN~1,Wei LI~2,Yan-Qi CHU~1,Lin LI~(1,*) 1 Department of Pharmacology,Xuan-wu Hospital of Capital Medical University,Education Ministry Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease,45 Chang-chun Street,Beijing 100053,China 2 Department of Neurology,Henan Provincial People's Hospital,7 Wei-wu Road,Zhengzhou 450003,China

Alzheimer's disease（AD） is characterized by amyloid-P peptide deposition,increased activated microglia and progressive loss of neurons in the *** Aβ can elicit inflammation in microglia,the intracellular signaling events mediating these effects are poorly *** we show that cell-free supernatant from Aβ-treated THP-1 monocytes induced cytotoxicity towards neuroblastoma SK-N-SH *** of THP-1 monocytes to Aβ leads to increased tyrosine phosphorylation and extracellular signaling-regulated kinase（ERK） and increased levels of inflammatory cytokines（IL-1β,IL-8 and TNF-α） in the supernatant of THP-1 *** of THP-1 monocytes with either a protein tyrosine kinase（PTK） inhibitor or an ERK inhibitor protects SK-N-SH cells from the cytotoxic effect of conditional supernatant from Aβ-treated THP-1 monocytes.Aβ-treated THP-1 monocytes also leads to upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and iNOS expression and increased of nitric oxide *** results suggest that Aβ-induced activation of PTK/MEK/ERK pathway in THP-1 monocytes leads to the release of inflammatory factors that are toxic to SK-N-SH cells and might contribute to the onset of AD.

关键词： amyloid-β1-40 inflammation THP-1 monocytes SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells PTK/MEK/ERK pathway

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