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Roles of astrocytes and microglia in seizure-induced aberrant neurogenesis in the hippocampus of adult rats

Roles of astrocytes and microglia in seizure-induced aberran...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Fang YANG,Jing CHEN,Ying WANG,Wen JIANG~* Department of Neurology,Xijing hospital,Fourth Military Medical University,Xi'an 710032,China

Mounting evidence shows that new neurons are continually being generated in adult mammalian brain. These newborn neurons eventually integrate into existing neuronal circuitries to exert functional *** seizures induced a drastic change of the internal environment in the dentate hilus,which contributed to the formation of hilar-ectopic *** epileptic seizures,glia activated in the hippocampus and secreted numbers of cytokines to seriously affect the hippocampal internal ***,we investigated the roles of activated astrocytes and microglia in the epilepsy-induced aberrant neuronal *** results were as followings:(1) SE induced a prominent activation of astrocytes and microglia in the DG 3,7,14,and 20 days after the initial seizures.(2) By injecting fluorocitrate(FC) stereotaxicly into the dentate hilus to inhibit astrocytic metabolism,we found that FC failed to prevent SE-induced the formation of aberrant hilar basal dendrites,but instead aggravated the degeneration of dentate granule cells after SE.(3) In contrast,a selective inhibitor of microglia activation,minocycline(MC),inhibited the aberrant migration of newborn neurons at 14 days after SE.(4) By stereotaxic injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) into the intact dentate hilus to activate local microglia,we found that LPS promoted the development of aberrant hilar basal dendrites in the *** results indicate that the activated microglia in the epileptic hilus may guide the aberrant migration of newborn neurons,and that MC could be a potential drug to impede seizure-induced aberrant migration of newborn neurons.

关键词： Roles of astrocytes and microglia in seizure-induced aberrant neurogenesis in the hippocampus of adult rats

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Long-term synaptic plasticity induced by vibrissal stimuli in rat

Long-term synaptic plasticity induced by vibrissal stimuli i...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Ming-De HUANG,Man-Li SUN,Yong HAN,Shu-Min DUAN,Yan-Qin YU~* Department of Basic Medical Science,Institute of Neuroscience,Zhejiang University School of Medicine,866~# Yu Hang Tang Road,Hangzhou 310058,China

Rats actively explore their environment by rhythmically sweeping their *** a consequence, neuronal activity in somatosensory pathways is modulated by the frequency of whisker *** potential role of rhythmic neuronal activity for the integration and consolidation of sensory signals,however,remains unexplored. Here,we show that a brief period of rhythmic vibrissal stimulation in anesthetized rats resulted in a frequencyspecific and long-lasting increase or decrease in the amplitude and slope of somatosensory-evoked potentials in the contralateral primary somatosensory(barrel) *** application of AP-5 revealed that this vibrissa-to-cortex long-term plasticity in adult rat in vivo is NMDA receptor-dependent and the long-lasting plasticity caused by rhythmic vibrissal stimulation is generated in barrel *** results also showed that the long-lasting enhancement of the vibrissa-to-cortex evoked response was side- but not *** vibrissal stimulation at 100 Hz applied to the vibrissa for 1 s in infant-trimmed[postnatal day(P) 1-7]rats could not cause an obvious long-lasting increase in the amplitudes of vibrissa-to-cortex evoked responses,but in rats whose whiskers clipped daily to within 2-3 mm of the skin surface for 7 d during P 29-35,the long-lasting increase in the amplitudes of vibrissa-to-cortex evoked responses could still be induced by 100 Hz vibrissal ***,our results suggest that natural,rhythmic patterns of whisker activity modify the cerebral processing of sensory information,providing a possible mechanism underlying sensory perception.

关键词： barrel cortex synaptic plasticity vibrissal stimulation

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Functional roles of melanocortin-4 receptor in hippocampal synapse

Functional roles of melanocortin-4 receptor in hippocampal s...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Amy K.Y.FU Nancy Y.IP Division of Life Science Molecular Neuroscience Center and State Key Laboratory of Molecular NeuroscienceThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water Bay

Objective Melanocortin-4 receptor(MC4R),which belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor(GPCR) superfamily,is one of the five melanocortin receptors(MCRs)that is expressed abundantly in the central nervous ***4R is activated by various endogenous ligands including melanocyte stimulating hormone(MSH),and adrenocorticotropin *** central melanocortin signaling in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis system is critical for regulating various aspects of energy homeostasis and feeding *** MC4R is highly expressed in other brain regions such as cortex and hippocampus,the roles of MC4R in these regions remain *** this study,the functional role of MC4R in synapse plasticity in hippocampus is *** The regulation of MC4R protein in hippocampal neurons was examined using immunocytochemical analysis and Western blot *** function of MC4R in hippocampal neurons was studied by RNA interference using calcium phosphate ***(1)MC4R protein increases in rat hippocampus upon development and enriched at the synaptic compartment.(2)Knockdown of MC4R in cultured rat hippocampal neurons results in a regulation in the density of dendritic spines,the sites where excitatory synapses reside.(3)Stimulation of MC4R increases the cAMP level in hippocampal *** MC4R regulates the synapse functions through modulating the morphology of dendritic spines.

关键词： Melanocortin-4 receptor cyclic AMP dendritic spines

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Roles of the pretectum in prey capture of zebrafish larvae

Roles of the pretectum in prey capture of zebrafish larvae

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Bai-Bing ZHANG,Xiao-Quan LI,Yu MU,Shu-Yi ZHANG,Yu-Juan SU,Jiu-Lin DU~* Laboratory of Sensory Integration & Behavior,Institute of Neuroscience,Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200031,China

Objective The pretectum,a region between the thalamus and midbrain,receives binocular sensory inputs from retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)and sends output to the optic *** studies in amphibians suggest important roles of the pretectum in prey capture *** larvae develop the ability to capture prey as early as 5 days post-fertilization(dpf).Zebrafish pretectum mainly consists of three types of neurons,including dopaminergic, serotoninergic and GABAergic cells,implying its modulatory roles in prey *** present study,we examined how the pretectum regulates prey capture at both neural circuit and behavior *** The morphology of pretectal dopaminergic neurons was revealed by using the transgenic line ETvmat2:GFP,in which monoaminergic neurons express GFP,and Kaede-based photo-conversion in vivo ***,defects in the Paramecium capture behavior of zebrafish larvae with laser ablation of pretectal dopaminergic neurons were ***,in vivo calcium imaging of both tectal and pretectal neurons was carried on to study their response evoked by prey-like cues. Finally,the detection of dopamine release by carbon fiber and pharmacological manipulation of dopamine signaling were used to examine the role of dopaminergic neurons in modulation of optic tectal *** We found that there was a dopaminergic neuron cluster in the pretectum that projected to the deep layer of the tectal neuropil. Focal ablation of these neurons impaired Paramecium capture *** data showed that some sparsely distributed tectal neurons responded to prey-like visual *** experiments will be performed to figure out how pretectal dopaminergic neurons modulate prey-like cue-induced responses in tectal *** The pretectum regulates prey capture behavior through dopaminergic neuromodulation of tectal function.

关键词： zebrafish pretecum optic tectum prey capture dopaminergic neuron in vivo imaging

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Input-dependent plasticity of spiking location of cortical pyramidal neurons

Input-dependent plasticity of spiking location of cortical p...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Rong-Jing GE,Hao QIAN,Na CHEN,Jin-Hui WANG~* State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences,Institute of Biophysics,Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100101,China

Objective The responsiveness of a neuron to external stimuli is likely to be regulated by the site of action potential *** initiation was axonal in many studies,somatic conductance can generate action potentials,suggesting that the soma contributes to spike initiation and may regulate *** the other hand,former studies mainly focused on the initiation of single spike,little is known about that of sequential spikes which are more significant in neuron *** study is focusing on the generation of sequential *** Simultaneous whole cell recordings from the soma and the axon were performed on cortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons of mice. Steady-state and cosinoidal waves were injected at soma and axon separately,then output spikes were recorded and spike frequency was *** of voltage dependent sodium channels on soma and axon were recorded in cell-attached *** Steady-state depolarization had a more efficient input-output at soma compared to that at axon while cosinoidal waves induced more spikes at axon than that at *** studies showed that,axonal Na channel availability was reduced during steady-state depolarization that made axonal spike frequency much lower than somatic *** currents and refractory periods,which are mediated by voltage-gated sodium channels, were lower at axon during short time depolarization but lower at soma during long time steady-state depolarization. Conclusion The dynamics of Na channels are different between soma and axon,which makes the initial site of spikes be variable according to the pattern of input signals.

关键词： action potential soma,axon spike location sodium channels

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Aberrant hippocampal subregion networks associated with the classifications of aMCI subjects:a longitudinal resting-state study

Aberrant hippocampal subregion networks associated with the ...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： David R.Watson Computational Neuroscience University of UlsterMagee CampusDerry BT487JLNorthern IrelandUK

＜正＞Objective Altered hippocampus is a valuable indicator of possible conversion from amnestic type mild cognitive impairment（aMCI） to Alzheimer’s disease（AD）.However,little is known about the disrupted patterns of hippocampus subregional networks in aMCI *** aMCI group-1（n = 26） and controls group-1 （n = 18） were underwent baseline and mean 20 months follow-up period for resting-state fMRI *** of distributed networks incorporating six hippocampal subregions（*** ammonis,dentate gyrus and subicular complex,bilaterally） were then explored over time and comparisons made between *** ability of these extent longitudinal changes to separate unrelated groups of 30 subjects（aMCI-converters,n = 6;aMCI group-2,n = 12;controls group-2,n = 12） were further *** Six longitudinal hippocampus subregional networks showed similar changes in aMCI subjects over time,which were mainly associated with medial frontal gyrus,lateral temporal cortex,insula,posterior cingulate cortex（PCC） and ***,the disconnection of hippocampal subregions and PCC maybe a key factor of impaired episodic memory in aMCI,and the functional index of these longitudinal changes allowed well classifying independent samples of aMCI converters from non-converters（sensitivity is 83.3%,specificity is 83.3%） and controls（sensitivity is 83.3%,specificity is 91.7%）.Conclusion It demonstrated that resting-state functional deficits were in six hippocampus subregional networks associated with no priority in aMCI ***,the combination of these sub-networks could generate superior classifications of the initiation and progression from aMCI to AD.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease mild cognitive impairment hippocampus subregional networks functional connectivity resting state

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Influence of activities in arousal system on the excitability of principal neurons of entorhinal cortex and memory

Influence of activities in arousal system on the excitabilit...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Yang LI,Jianxia XIA,Xingshu CHEN,Jiali WANG,Jie YAN,Zhongxiang YAO,Zhian HU~* Department of Physiology,Third Military Medical University,Chongqing,400038,China

The entorhinal cortex（EC） has long been regarded as a bidirectional gateway between higher cortical areas and the ***（hypocretins） are wake-promoting neuropeptides which are mainly produced by the neurons within the lateral *** system includes two separate peptides orexin-A and orexin-B proteolytically derived from the same precursor protein and two specific G-protein-coupled receptors OX1R and *** the present study,we firstly investigated the electrophysiological effects of orexin-A on stellate neurons and pyramidal neurons in live brain slices of the EC using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings,and then observed signaling cascades triggering the ionic and synaptic mechanisms involved in *** results show as follow:Orexin-A depolarizes stellate and pyramidal neurons in the superficial layers of EC throμgh effects on K channels and nonselective cation *** excitatory action of orexin-A involves OX1Rs and PKC mediates both the inhibition of IK and activation of NSCC induced by ***-A enhances both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmissions in the superficial layers of EC via *** summury,the studies reported here provide evidence that the direct excitatory effects of orexin-A on principal neurons in the superficial layers of rat EC are mediated by the activation of OX1Rs and PKC signaling cascades,which inhibit sustained K current and activate *** addition, orexin-A enhances both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmissions in the EC via OX1Rs.

关键词： orexin entorhinal cortex learning and memory

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The role of ERK5 signaling pathway in surgical trauma stress induced immunosuppression

The role of ERK5 signaling pathway in surgical trauma stress...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Jing LI~1,Sheng XIAO~1,Hui ZHAO~1,Yan-Qing WANG~(1,2),Jun WANG~(1,*),Gen-Cheng WU~(1,2,*) 1 Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology,Institute of Acupuncture Research WHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine,Shanghai Medical School.Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China 2 Institutes of Brain Science,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032, China

Objective:Surgical trauma stress has been reported to induce *** mechanisms involved are still *** mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK)transmit extracellular stimuli into intracellular transcriptional and post-translational *** of the intracellular signal transduction pathways ERK1/2 in cortex may contributes to post-traumatic *** the present study we investigated the role of the activation of ERK5,a new member of MAPK family,in a surgical trauma stress induced immunosuppression ***:The phosphorylation of ERK5 in cortex was measured by immunohistochemistry and western blot *** specific ERK5 inhibitor BIX02188 was administrated by intracerebroventricular(icv.)injection to traumatic rat,and the NK cell activity and lymphocyte proliferation was conducted to estimate the immune response in vitro. Results:(1)ERK5 was activated in rat cortex 24 h post surgical trauma stress;(2)*** BIX02188(4 nmol or 20 nmol),an inhibitor of ERK5 phosphorylation,antagonized the surgical trauma induced downregulation of NK cell activity and lymphocyte ***:These findings suggest that ERK5 play an important role in posttraumatic immunodepression.

关键词： surgical trauma stress ERK5 immunosuppression

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Activation of Ca2+ -activated chloride current by membrane depolarization in rat DRG neurons

Activation of Ca2+ -activated chloride current by membrane d...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Xuan ZHANG,Hai-Lin ZHANG~* Department of Pharmacology,Hebei Medical University,Shijiazhuang 050017,China

Ca-activate chloride current（CACC） plays important physiological roles in different tissues including neuronal *** is not clear whether there is specificity in CACC activation by Ca from different sources,namely Ca influx throμgh voltage-/ligand-gated Ca channels in the plasma membrane,vs Ca release from intracellular *** this study we investigated the activation of CACC by intracellular Ca induced by the membrane depolarization in rat DRG *** whole-cell patch recordings were performed on DRG neurons from 7-dayold SD *** the condition of regular external（high[NaCl]） and internal（high[KCl]） solution,brief depolarization evoked a large inward tail current at -80 *** depolarization-induced tail current selectively appeared in a subset of medium-diameter DRG neurons and could be partially blocked by chloride current inhibiters DIDS and NFA, indicating a possibly component of *** tail current could also be blocked by Ca free external solution, pretreatment with BAPTA-AM,and NiCl,indicating Ca influx is essential for the activation of *** fura- 2AM-loaded neurons,brief depolarization range from -30 to +90 mV induced a depolarization-dependent increase of intracellular *** it seems that the depolarization-induced CACC activation and intracellular Ca increase is not merely a result of opening of voltage-dependent Ca *** Na and internal K also affected the depolarization-induced CACC activation and intracellular Ca *** the membrane depolarization-induced activation of CACC may use intracellular Ca throμgh Ca channels as well as transporters.

关键词： calcium DRG neuron Ca2+-activate chloride current membrane depolarization voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel

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Modulation of theta and gamma oscillations in central olfactory pathway by behavioral state

Modulation of theta and gamma oscillations in central olfact...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Qing LIU~(1,3),Rui-Qi WU~(1,3),An-An LI~1,Fu-Qiang XU~(1,2,*) 1 Wuhan MRC,State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics,Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics,the Chinese Academy of Science,Wuhan 430071,China 2 Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics,Wuhan 430074,China 3 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100049,China

Objective In mammalian olfactory pathway,the oscillatory activities of the olfactory bulb(OB),piriform cortex(PCX)and hippocampus(HPC)have been extensively studied to elucidate odor information processing. However,less is known about the oscillations of spontaneous activity and the modulation by behavioral state, especially for the theta(4-12 Hz)and gamma(35-100 Hz)*** In the present study,local field potentials (LFP)of spontaneous activity were recorded from the OB,PCX and HPC simultaneously in awake and anesthetized *** Compared with the anesthetized state,awake mice showed increased theta and gamma oscillations in all the three regions,but decreased coherences among ***,the spontaneous activities in exploratory walking and motionless mice were *** exploratory state,the power of theta oscillations in the PCX and HPC was decreased,whereas the power of theta in the OB and gamma in all regions were increased significantly. However,the coherences among the three brain regions for both theta and gamma oscillations were significantly *** was also found that the coherence between the PCX and the HPC was always the highest regardless of brain *** These results suggest that the theta and gamma oscillations in central olfactory pathway could be modulated by behavioral state,and that the higher coherences of both theta and gamma oscillations between PCX and HPC indicate tighter functional coupling between them.

关键词： oscillation olfactory bulb piriform cortex hippocampus functional coupling

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