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Optimal culture of prairie milk vetch root and measurement on its allelopathic effect

Optimal culture of prairie milk vetch root and measurement o...

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中国第二届植物化感作用学术研讨会暨中国植物保护学会植物化感作用专业委员会成立大会

作者： YU Fuke MA Yongqing Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of SciencesMinistry of Water Resource Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture & Forestry

The objective of this research was to determine the optimum concentration of sucrose, macro-elements, micro-elements and organic supplements for the propagation of prairie milk vetch (Astragalus adsurgens Pall) roots on B5 media. An orthogonal design was used to test multiple factors. A second objective was to test for allelopathic effect of the prairie milk vetch roots by conducting a bioassay using the extracts isolated from culture filtrates with ethyl acetate after culturing the roots. The results indicated that strength macro-elements and strength micro-elements with exception of standard concentration of MnSO4 and strength basic organic supplements in the B5 medium with addition of 3.0% sucrose and 1.074 umol l-1 NAA is the optimal medium for the propagation of prairie milk vetch root. A bioassay using the culture filtrate extracts indicated that the roots might have produced allelopathic chemicals during their culture. Differences in the degree of allelopathic effects suggest that the nutrient stress may influence the production of the allelopathic chemicals. This study provides a basis for the improvement of root regeneration and propagation in prairie milk vetch and suggests that nutrition may influence the production of allelopathic chemicals by this plant.

关键词： allelopathic effect, culture filtrate, cultured root, extract, optimal culture, prairie milk vetch.

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Effect of prairie milk vetch (Astragalus adsurgens Pall) cultured root on proliferation of Stellera chamaejasme Linn

Effect of prairie milk vetch (Astragalus adsurgens Pall) cul...

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中国第二届植物化感作用学术研讨会暨中国植物保护学会植物化感作用专业委员会成立大会

The effect of prairie milk vetch (Astragalus adsurgens Pall) root culture filtrates extracts with ethyl acetate was studied by using cultured shoot of Stellera chamaejasme Linn as receptor. The result showed that virtual propagation, elongation and dry weight accumulation of S. chamaejasme cultured shoot was stimulated by adding 6.4 mg/L the extract to the growth media, but the fresh weight accumulation of S. chamaejasme was inhibited. When the extract was added at the level of 3.2, 12.7, 25.4 mg/L, the virtual propagation, elongation and dry weight accumulation of S. chamaejasme cultured shoot was inhibited obviously. The more the extraction was used, the more intensive the inhibitory effect became. The effect of the extracts used at these 3 levels on fresh weight accumulation of S. chamaejasme cultured shoot is also inhibitive. The inhibitive effect was increased then decreased, with the increasing of the extracts. Moreover, this study indicated that the inhibitive or stimulative effects of prairie milk vetch root culture filtrates extracts with ethyl acetate on S. chamaejasme cultured shoot were due to chemical secretion from the cultured root. It has proved that prairie millk vetch has allelopathic effect on S. chamaejasme.

关键词： prairie milk vetch (Astragalus adsurgens Pall) cultured root culture filtrate Stellera chamaejasme L. proliferation allelopathic effect

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Characteristics of Soil Microorganisms in a Eucalyptus ABL12 Plantation

Characteristics of Soil Microorganisms in a Eucalyptus ABL12...

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中国第二届植物化感作用学术研讨会暨中国植物保护学会植物化感作用专业委员会成立大会

作者： Xie Longlian Chen Qiubo Wang Zhenhui Liu Xiaoxiang College of Agronomy SCUTA Institute of Scientific & Technical Information CATAS Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute CATAS Rubber Research Institute CATAS

The study determined the variation pattern of soil microorganisms, soil biological activity, soil enzyme activity and soil nutrient status in a Eucalyptus ABL12 plantation with different undergrowth during May, 2004 to Jan., 2005, located in Danzhou, western Hainan Province. The results indicated that, the soil microbial properties and soil nutrients of the Eucalyptus stand were lower than those of the controls, the vegetable field and rubber tree stand. The numbers of soil microorganisms, soil biological activity, soil enzyme activity and soil nutrients were recorded highest in vegetable field, followed at a decreasing order by rubber tree plantation, legume-intercropped plot, herbage-intercropped plot and monoculture plot. All the parameters measured showed a tendency of vertical variation, i.e., decrease with the increase of soil depth. Seasonal variation was also observed in the numbers of soil microorganism, soil biological activity and soil enzyme activity with a single peak curve pattern that occurred in September and October at large. Bacteria were found to be the most abundant, followed by actinomycetes and fungi. These results demonstrated that intercropping ***12 with tropical legumes has improved largely the soil environment for the soil microorganisms to live in, indicative of the better soil microbiological properties and soil nutrient levels.

关键词： Eucalyptus ABL12 soil microorganism soil biological activity soil enzyme activity soil nutrients intercrop leguminous pasture crop herbaceous pasture crop.

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Effect of water supplication and 3-methyl-phenol on soil microbial diversity and enzymatic activity in sole and intercropping systems of wheat and faba-bean

Effect of water supplication and 3-methyl-phenol on soil mic...

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中国第二届植物化感作用学术研讨会暨中国植物保护学会植物化感作用专业委员会成立大会

作者： CHAI Qiang HUANG Gao-bao HUANG Peng Agro-ecological Engineering Institute of Gansu Agricultural University

The soil microbial diversity and enzymatic activity are significantly affected by the environmental factors and management practices, and the researches on the relationships between different environmental factors and soil microbial diversity as well as soil enzymatic activity play an important role in searching for the effective practices for soil management. A pot experiment was carried out in this study, in order to research the effect of water supplication rates(45%,60%,75% of soil water hold capacity) and allelochemical 3-methyl-phonel(300×10 - 6 mol/***)on soil microbial diversity and enzymatic activity in mono and intercropping systems of wheat and faba-bean in the middle of growth period. Results show that: decrease the water supplication rate can significantly decrease the amount of bacteria, fungi and actinomyces in all of the cropping patterns, 3-methyl-phonel can improve the negative effect which conducted by the water supplication decrease;the 3-methyl-phonel show negative allelopathic effect on the soil microbial diversity, and the effect on intercropping system can been weakened throw improving water supplication rate, but in mono cropping systems 3-methyl-phonel show strongest allelopathic effect at the water supplication rate of 75%, the intercropping can maintain a relative stable soil microbial diversity compared to sole cropping with 3-methyl-phonel and low water supplication rate;the allelopathic effect of 3-methyl-phenol on soil catalase activity is not significant, but the influence on the activity of urase and phosphatase are significant;water supplication rates can significantly affect the soil enzymatic activity, the lower of the water supplication the weaker of the soil enzymatic activity, the interactions between water and 3-methyl-phenol or cropping patterns are not significant;intercropping can significantly affect the soil enzymatic activity of catalase and phosphatase.

关键词： water supplication cropping pattern soil microbial diversity soil enzyme allelopathy

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The effect of allelopathic rice seedlings on rhizosphere soil microbes

The effect of allelopathic rice seedlings on rhizosphere soi...

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中国第二届植物化感作用学术研讨会暨中国植物保护学会植物化感作用专业委员会成立大会

作者： ZHAO Hua GU Yan KONG Chui-hua Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of sciences Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences

Rice allelopathy has received a great of attention in recent years. Most studies on rice allelopathy have focused on allelochemical identification, evaluating allelopathic potential and trait genes, but a few are on interactions between allelopathic rice variety and rhizosphere soil microbe. Actually, soil microbe plays an important role in rice allelopathy in paddy. This study showed the effect of allelopathic rice variety PI321777 and non-allelopathic rice variety including "Liaojingjiu" and "Qiuguang" on rhizosphere soil microbe in pot culture using spread-plating method and most probable number (MPN), respectively. The results demonstrated that allelopathic rice seedlings significantly affected the number of tested microbes in rhizosphere soil. Except actionmycete and ammonifying bacteria, other microbial numbers in rhizosphere soil of allelopathic rice seedlings was much less than those of two non-allelopathic rice seedlings. Using t-test method statistical analysis indicated that obvious difference of number from all microbes tested, except aerobic and anaerobic cellulose decomposing bacteria, occurred between allelopathic and non-allelopathic varieties. By comparison of two non-allelopathic rice varieties, only the number of fungi, actionmycete and aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria showed significant difference by t-test. Using single factor variance analysis showed that there were obvious difference from bacteria, actionmycete, fungi, and aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria among the three rice varieties. As a result, allelopathic rice seedlings could significantly reduced the populations of tested bacteria, actionmycete, fungi, and aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in rhizosphere soil. Allelopathic rice seedlings can release allelochemicals into the soil through root system, and thus, the population reduction of several microbes in rhizosphere soil is significantly correlated with the allelochemicals released by allelopathic rice root system. At present, there h

关键词： Allelopathy oryza sativa L. Rhizosphere microbe root exudates

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Allelochemicals Involved in Rice Allelopathy

Allelochemicals Involved in Rice Allelopathy

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中国第二届植物化感作用学术研讨会暨中国植物保护学会植物化感作用专业委员会成立大会

作者： Chuihua Kong Xiaohua Xu Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry Nankai University

Allelochemicals play an important role in natural and managed ecosystems. Food crop Oryza sativa L. can produce and release allelochemicals participating in its defense against weeds. However, it remains obscure which allelochemicals in rice are predominantly involved in defense mechanisms against weeds. In this study, many kinds of compounds were systematically isolated and identified from allelopathic rice PI 312777 seedlings. Among them, alkaloids, alkylresorcinols, cyclohexenone and urea derivatives, flavonoids and their glucosides, diterpenoids and triterpenes had inhibitory activities on the growth of Echinochloa crus-galli, Cyperus difformis and Leptochloa chinensis weeds associated with rice. However, the presence of these compounds in allelopathic rice seedlings does not necessarily mean that they can be released into the environment to demonstrate their allelopathic effects under natural field conditions. Accordingly, allelochemicals released from selected rice seedlings into soil were determined and analyzed by LC/MS and HPLC. As a result, phenolic acids, flavonoids, diterpenoids and cyclohexenone and urea derivatives were found in soil- grown allelopathic rice seedlings. Particularly, 3-isopropyl-5-acetoxy- cyclohexene-2-one-1, momilactone B and 5,7,4′-trihydroxy-3,5- dimethoxyflavone occurred in the soil at day 15 after rice seedlings emergence, and reached the concentration initiated for inhibition on associated weeds at day 30 after rice emergence, while other compounds were not detected or they were as trace only in the soil. These results suggest that 3-isopropyl-5-acetoxycyclohexene-2-one-1,momilactone B and 5,7,4′-trihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyflavone are allelochemicals involved in rice allelopathy and allelopathic rice seedlings can establish their own weed defense mechanism through production and release of these allelochemicals.

关键词： Oryza sativa L, allelochemicals, allelopathy, isolation and identification, secondary metabolite, soil.

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Assessment of allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts of Praxelis (Praxelis clematidea) under laboratory conditions

Assessment of allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts of ...

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中国第二届植物化感作用学术研讨会暨中国植物保护学会植物化感作用专业委员会成立大会

作者： Z.H.WANG P.CHRISTIE Q.B.CHEN G.Y.LAN F.AN X.L.LI Department of Plant Nutrition China Agricultural University Agricultural and Environmental Science Department Queen's University BelfastNewforge LaneBelfast BT9 5PXUK

Allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of fresh Praxelis (Praxelis clematidea) material on germination and of extracts from fresh and dry Praxelis material and soil on initial seedling growth were studied in four crops: Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. Pekinensis (Lour.) Olsson), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Stylosanthes CIAT184 (Stylosanthes guianensis cv. 'Reyan No. 2'). Allelopathic effects of Praxelis extracts on initial seedling growth of radish were also studied at two different developmental stages and in various habitats. All fresh Praxelis aqueous extracts inhibited seed germination of all four test species. Leaf, flower and whole plant extracts exhibited greater phytotoxicity than those from other plant parts. The allelochemicals may be released mainly by leaves and flowers. Dry matter Praxelis extracts severely inhibited root growth of the crop species with a similar trend with extracts of fresh material at lower concentrations. Soil extracts had no discernible adverse effect on the test species and actually showed stimulatory effects on some parameters of some species. Allelopathic effects of extracts from immature and flowering Praxelis showed no substantially different effects on radish. Allelopathic activity of P. clematidea increased under adverse (arid) conditions under which more allelochemicals may have been released.

关键词： aqueous extracts, invasive weed, seed germination, seedling growth, Praxelis clematidea.

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Study on Allelopathic Effects of Volatile Oilfrom ***×*** on Fungi and Pest Insects

Study on Allelopathic Effects of Volatile Oilfrom ***×*** o...

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中国第二届植物化感作用学术研讨会暨中国植物保护学会植物化感作用专业委员会成立大会

作者： LIU Xiaoxiang CHEN Qiubo WANG Zhenhui XIE Longlian

This paper studied the allelopathic effects on the fungi and pest insests and the chemical compositions of the essential oil of ***×***. Our experimental results indicated that the leaf oil emulsion of ***×*** inhibited the growth of four fungi tested. As the concentration went higher, the inhibition also became stronger. When the concentration of leaf oil was at 1600μg/ml, the effect of inhibition on epiphytes was highest. The inhibition rate of four fungi such as Fusarium oxysporum, Pyriculerie grisea, Glorosprium musarum, Phytophthora capsici was 58.08% 、 79.24% 、 75.27% and 92.18% respectively。Also, the leaf oil of ***×*** inhibited the pupation and feeding behavior of the pest insects tested. The same concentration effect as in the fungi was observed. When the concentration of leaf oil was at 2500μg/ml, the inhibition rate of Spodoptera litura Fabricius and Helicoverpa armigera Hubner was highest, the anti-feeding rate was 56.26% and 86.6% respectively, while the pupation rate was 45.28% and 7.45% respectively. We analyze the leaf oil of ***×*** by GC/MS. The main components which per cent is higher 3% were identified such as : α-pinene(13.63 %)、Alloocimene(43.22%)、Gamma.-terpinene(5.49%)、2,6-Octadien-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-, (E)- ( 3.58 % )、 BETA. fenchyl alcohol ( 4.58 % )、 2-amino-3,5-dicyano-6-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-pyridine(3.67%). Most components identified are terpenes which have been classified as allelochemicals. It can be concluded that the ***×*** had certain allelopathic effects on the pest insects and fungi by measuring allelopathic effects and identifying allelochmicals. The allelopathic potentials of the leaf oil of ***×*** needs further research, especially with field-environment similar conditions.

关键词： E.grandis×E.urophylla essential oil allelopathy fungi insect pests

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花椒化感作用研究

花椒化感作用研究

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中国第二届植物化感作用学术研讨会暨中国植物保护学会植物化感作用专业委员会成立大会

作者：潘开文中科院成都生物所

花椒是岷江上游羌族群众致富的重要经济树种之一。当地农民为了提高花椒产量,增加收入,往往除去林地内的杂草,使得花椒林内物种单一,导致水土流失和病虫害日趋严重,并带来严重的生态、经济和社会问题。其中,最为严重的就是一则水土流失... 详细信息

花椒是岷江上游羌族群众致富的重要经济树种之一。当地农民为了提高花椒产量,增加收入,往往除去林地内的杂草,使得花椒林内物种单一,导致水土流失和病虫害日趋严重,并带来严重的生态、经济和社会问题。其中,最为严重的就是一则水土流失严重;二则因花椒寿命缩短,重茬失败,经济利益的驱动导致大量毁坏半干旱地区的自然植被而种花椒,使得生态环境本已脆弱和恶化的地段更加难以恢复和治理。所以,建立多物种组成、多层次结构配置的经济价值高、生态效益好的坡地花椒农林复合生态系统对于提高花椒质量,延长花椒寿命,减少水土流失,进而推动和促进该领域的生态建设与社会经济的可持续发展有重要意义。目前试图将苜蓿引入花椒农林模式中作为地面覆盖植物,来改变现有的单一种植模式,进而提高花椒农林系统的生态经济效益。苜蓿是否能与花椒树成功地共存,关键在于它们之间的化感效应的大小和生态位重叠的幅度,另外,作物的重茬失败往往与化感作用相关。因此,针对现有问题从生理生态学的角度进行了花椒化感作用的研究。结果如下:1.对四个常见的花椒品种(大红袍、汉源椒、大毛椒和七月椒)的化感效应进行了研究。花椒叶的浸提液分成2.5、5.0、10.0、20.0和40.0gL-1五个浓度,以紫花苜蓿种子作为受试植物。结果表明,与对照相比,各品种叶浸提液都显著地抑制了苜蓿种子萌发和幼苗生长,同时也促进了幼苗根和茎生物量的增加。四个品种间对种子萌发的化感效应有轻微的差异,而对幼苗生长和生物量的影响由于品种的不同而有所不同。四个品种叶的浸提液化感效应依次增强的顺序为:汉源椒、七月椒、大毛椒和大红袍。另外,花椒人工林地内的土壤对紫花苜蓿的生长发育也产生了显著的化感效应。最后,对四个花椒品种的叶挥发油进行了GC-MS化学成分分析,结果显示:不同品种的花椒体内化感物质的含量有区别,但它们的挥发油主要成分都包括桉树酚(cineole)、里哪醇(linalool)、乙酸里哪(醇)酯(linalylacetate)、β-石竹烯(beta-caryophyllene)和萜品-4-醇(terpinen-4-ol)等。2.选用4种外源化感物质处理苜蓿种子与幼苗,研究了外源化感物质对苜蓿的化感作用效应及生理生化特性。实验表明,不同类型不同浓度的外源化感物质对苜蓿种子萌发及幼苗生长有明显的影响作用,这种影响效应与化感物质的类型及浓度有显著相关。其中,10-3mol/L的4种化感物质处理均表现出对苜蓿种子萌发显著性抑制,其中阿魏酸、香豆素、以及香草酸的处理达到了极显著抑制效果。当浓度为10-3mol/L时,除香豆酸外,其它3种化感物质均表现出对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸酶(APX)活性的显著性抑制作用,同时使幼苗体内丙二醛(MDA)的含量显著性增加,其中,10-3mol/L的阿魏酸处理使各酶的活性分别降低了87.9%、35.1%、37.5%、30.4%,使幼苗体内丙二醛的含量增加了162.3%。并且随着浓度的降低,对生理活性的抑制作用减小,当浓度降低为10-6mol/L时,阿魏酸、香豆素、香草酸则表现出了对各酶活性的轻微促进作用。综合分析,在几种外源化感物质中,阿魏酸表现出的化感效应最强,香豆素次之,香豆酸最弱。3.对10a大红袍花椒树叶片及林下土壤的化感效应进行了研究。花椒叶片的浸提液分为20、40、60和80DWgL-14个浓度梯度,林下土壤浸提液分为200、400、600和800DWgl-14个浓度梯度,以花椒幼苗为受试植物。结果表明,与对照相比,浓度最高的花椒叶片浸提液,即80DWgL-1的处理对幼苗体内的各种抗氧化物酶活性表现出显著性的抑制作用,且显著增加花椒幼苗体内丙二醛(MDA)的含量;在较低浓度的花椒叶片浸提液处理下,幼苗体内的各种抗氧化物酶活性有显著性的增加,MDA含量明显降低。此外,花椒林下土壤的浸提液对花椒幼苗的生长发育也产生了显著的化感效应,但其作用强度要明显弱于花椒叶片浸提液对花椒幼苗的影响。最后,对花椒叶片及林下土壤的浸提液进行了高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析,结果显示:两种浸提液中含有的化感物质类型及含量有差异,主要含有阿魏酸、对羟基苯甲酸、香豆素、香豆酸等。

关键词：花椒化感作用酚酸

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Multiple analysis of allelopathic trait from dryland winter wheat grown on the Loess Plateau of China.

Multiple analysis of allelopathic trait from dryland winter ...

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中国第二届植物化感作用学术研讨会暨中国植物保护学会植物化感作用专业委员会成立大会

作者： S.P.ZUO Y.Q.MA S.Inanaga Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Science College of Resources and Environment Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences

Allelopathic suppression of weeds and high yield was one of the primary projects in the update wheat breeding. In our study the genetic variation of allelopathic potential, its Gray Correlation with important agronomic traits and the Rank analysis on allelopathic stability of 15 wheat accessions grown in the arid regions on the Loess Plateau of China was conducted. The genetic variation of allelopathic property in dryland winter wheat showed a significant difference. In the whole life wheat allelopathy exhibited a strong heredity of 55.22-94.87%, among which the strongest and weakest allelopathic heredity appeared in the tillering stage and the watery stage respectively. Allelopathic potential submitted an alternation trend and discontinuity expression in different growth stages. By the Gray Correlation analysis a close relationship was concluded between allelopathic trait dependant on growth phase and agronomic traits. Allelopathic expression in some growth period would induce a dominant effect on some important agronomic characters reflecting wheat yield. Whether allelopathic heredity or influence degree on yield in the nutrition growth stage displayed a more evident effect than that in the procreation vegetation stage. The multiple linear regression relationship was built between allelopathic potential in different growth periods and agronomic characters pursued in the wheat breeding. That is to say, allelopathic potential caused a linear effect on productivity composition factors cultivated in wheat breeding. When the allelopathic intensity varied from 0 to 1 in the vegetation stages the important agronomic characters like the plant height, the spike length, the number of seed spikelet, mean seed amount per spike and the weight of thousand seeds were quantified with 43.60 - 108.37cm、6.44-9.16cm、13.43-21.00、41.45-50.27、36.24-38.28 g, respectively. Based on the Rank analysis allelopathic potential in wheat should be a synergistic effect from the inheritance, chemi

关键词： Dryland winter wheat grown on the Loess Plateau, Allelopathic trait, Genetic variation, the Gray Correlation theory, The Rank analysis

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