Complement components are present in invertebrates as elements of an innate immune system. An alternative adaptive immune system has been described recently in the most basal vertebrates,lampreys and hagfish,which are...
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Complement components are present in invertebrates as elements of an innate immune system. An alternative adaptive immune system has been described recently in the most basal vertebrates,lampreys and hagfish,which are the only surviving jawless *** eel-like fish use leucine-rich-repeat (LRR)-based receptors,called variable lymphocyte receptors(VLRs),for antigen recognition instead of the immunoglobulin(Ig)-based receptors used in *** report herein that in Japanese lamprey (Lampetra japonica),the antigen-specific VLRB antibodies interact with C1q-like and C3 proteins to mediate complement-dependent cytotoxicity for bacteria and tumor *** immune based lysis involves deposition of VLRB and C1q-like proteins on the surface of target cells with the formation of pore-like structures that disrupt cell wall *** demonstration of this functional interaction between lamprey VLRB antibodies and complement components provides evidence for the emergence of cooperative innate and adaptive immune responses at a pivotal point in vertebrate evolution,before or in parallel with the evolution of Ig-based antibodies and the classical complement pathway.
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