Global environmental problems like earth warming, desertification, and deforestation are expanding wide areas, taking effects to future generations and fundamental problem affecting sophisticatedly. Grassland degradat...
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Global environmental problems like earth warming, desertification, and deforestation are expanding wide areas, taking effects to future generations and fundamental problem affecting sophisticatedly. Grassland degradation is one of Earth's urgent environment problems;one which has been caused mainly by inappropriate range management. Combining recent progresses of space technology with rapid developments in IT (Information Technology) effectively, it makes possible rational grassland monitoring. Especially, improvements in sensor resolution have promoted real-time and real-place monitoring of grassland conditions which suggests appropriate livestock number or carrying *** sensor improvements run on spatial resolution, spectral resolution and temporal resolution. Spatial resolution of Quick Bird and IKONOS advanced 2.44m and 4m, respectively. As a hyper-spectral sensor, Hyperion onboard EO-1 can collect 220 wavelength data, which can be expected to measure physiological and ecological function of vegetation. Short interval of observation, such as once or twice in a day, like Terra MODIS data can follow phonological changes timely and *** experiment in Inner Mongolia grassland had been carried out using Geographic Information System (GIS), Global Positioning System (GPS) and improved remote sensors. It clarified seasonal grassland biomass, grass quality, daily sheep behavior and so on. Such information may provide real-time grazing intensity and carrying capacity of grassland.
Amino acids fermentation byproduct (AFB), a liquid type of nitrogenous compounds produced from the processing of amino acids in food industries, was newly proposed as a multipurpose additive of ensiling forage crops i...
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Amino acids fermentation byproduct (AFB), a liquid type of nitrogenous compounds produced from the processing of amino acids in food industries, was newly proposed as a multipurpose additive of ensiling forage crops in this study. Fermentation quality of the silages of Italian ryegrass, whole crop barley and whole crop rice was extensively improved by only adding less than 3% (w/w) at ensiling, with enhanced lactate but depressed butyrate and acetate fermentation. Dry matter losses in silos and under aerobic conditions were also decreased with all AFB-treated silages. Their higher in situ rumen digestibility of dry matter and cell wall constituents as compared to none additive silages was achieved together with decreased cell wall constituents. All fractions of leaf, stem, hull and grain in whole crop rice consistently showed the improvement of rumen degradability with AFB-treated silages. Ensiling with AFB additive was also effective to increase the concentrations of true proteins and rumen degradable proteins in silages, in agreement with their higher concentration of 2,6-diaminopimeric acid which is a constituent amino acid of the cell-wall mucopeptide of many species bacteria. Thus, the silage additive can possess multiple effects on forage preservation, nutritive value, and microbial growth and activity.
＜正＞Inner Mongolia is facing a monumental challenge given that the objectives addressed in this paper are in apparent conflict with each other. On one hand the herders understand that increased returns from livestoc...
＜正＞Inner Mongolia is facing a monumental challenge given that the objectives addressed in this paper are in apparent conflict with each other. On one hand the herders understand that increased returns from livestock production are an obvious means to increase their farm incomes, and traditionally the way to accomplish this has been through increasing numbers of animals. On the other hand, we know that increasing livestock numbers accelerates the deterioration of the grassland and jeopardizes livestock productivity due to limited available feed supplies. Working with farmers/herders to find acceptable ways to take grazing pressure off the grassland and increase farm incomes has been part of the work done under the China/Canada Sustainable Agriculture Development Project in co-operation with the Agriteam Biodiversity Protection and Community Development Program. The overall objective of the program is to transfer Canada’s experience and successes with reclaiming seriously degraded soils back to a healthy and productive state, approaching its former and full biodiversity potential. The initial step in moving toward the goal of full reclamation was to first recognize the seriousness and gravity of the problem followed by a commitment and willingness to make fundamental changes to the way of managing and working the land. In the Inner Mongolian grasslands it will mean, a) taking grazing pressure off the grassland by reducing livestock numbers （reverse the practice that is causing the problem） and b) implementing a sustainable grassland management program or reclamation program where required. In cases of very serious degradation,, the solution could be total grazing rest for an extended recovery time or it could involve reclamation by reseeding of forages followed by good, sustainable grass management. A grassland assessment;and monitoring program will assist in determining how drastic the livestock reduction program should be. The bottom line is, if we do not take drast
The recovery of degraded Inner Mongolian rangeland is a tremendous challenge as economic needs of the producer must be balanced with the conservation objectives of society. Increased knowledge of range management tech...
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The recovery of degraded Inner Mongolian rangeland is a tremendous challenge as economic needs of the producer must be balanced with the conservation objectives of society. Increased knowledge of range management techniques at the farm level will aid in this recovery therefore it is critical that a sound and trusted information system be in place and working well. Agriculture extension is a process which assists people to change by adopting new agriculture technology and also to assist rural communities to be able to adapt to economic and social change. Agricultural extension involves the promotion;adoption and application of scientific advances at the grass roots level to assist rural families achieve their household goals. There are many extension activities available for technology transfer, and it is essential that the activity is matched to the desired outcomes. 1) Meetings with guest speakers extend information to large audiences in a rapid manner 2) Workshops increase interaction between presenters and participants 3) Trade shows and fairs provide an opportunity to distribute information to a pre-gathered audience 4) Field days and demonstration sites allow local farmers to showcase ongoing projects. Each of these extension activities provides an opportunity for promotion of the technology as well as the event through the media. Resource material, such as pamphlets and brochures, can be distributed during the event to provide detailed information on the technique as well as further contact information. Successful extension is a two-way transfer of information between the agricultural community and extension officers. It is essential to engage farmers from the early stages of research and development to the evaluation of the extension event. This close working relationship will ensure that the technology is not only scientifically based but its usefulness and potential impacts have been considered. The Sustainable Agriculture Development Project is sharing Can
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