It is now becoming clear that the consequences of the 2008 global crisis are far from over. Among them is that global imbalances are about to rise *** the recent global downturn has led to a natural rebalancing of eco...
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It is now becoming clear that the consequences of the 2008 global crisis are far from over. Among them is that global imbalances are about to rise *** the recent global downturn has led to a natural rebalancing of economies,the latest IMF estimates suggest that by 2012 the current account surpluses of developing Asia will surpass the previous peaks of 2008, and that world current account imbalances are likely to remain substantial through *** with the large Asian surpluses,the German and new European surpluses will probably increase the American current account deficit much beyond its previous record of $800 billion in *** this perspective the United States would provide the global collective good,as in the past,by accepting further increases in its external debt and *** is very far from the rebalancing strategy agreed by the Group of 20 leading economies as critically important for sustaining global expansion.
On the background of global warming,the global water cycle has been changed *** the one hand,based on the thermodynamic *** higher the temperature,the stronger the capacity of atmosphere's holding water:on other h...
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On the background of global warming,the global water cycle has been changed *** the one hand,based on the thermodynamic *** higher the temperature,the stronger the capacity of atmosphere's holding water:on other hand,the atmospheric vapour content is also ***,the precipitation over the land and a lot of river valleys will possibly increase.A key component of the global water is the evaporation over the ocean which has increased *** such,the variability of the atmosphere water cycle has increased,which led to occurrence of more flooding and ***,the type and character of precipitation has been changed,with more frequent and more intense heavy precipitation and less frequent light *** the same time,the droughts over most regions of the world have dramatically increased,especially in recent 30 years.
作者：
Ulrich VolzSenior Economist
German Development Institute Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik(DIE)
Although the expression"global imbalances"comprises the word global,most contributions to this topic have centred on the bilateral imbalances between the US and *** the Chinese dollar peg as an underlying fa...
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Although the expression"global imbalances"comprises the word global,most contributions to this topic have centred on the bilateral imbalances between the US and *** the Chinese dollar peg as an underlying factor in *** that the US has the world's largest current account deficit and China the largest current account surplus,this bilateral focus is ***,it is helpful to take a broader perspective when discussing the underlying factors contributing to the Sino-American imbalances,especially when thinking about possible solutions to the *** brief note discusses the development of the East Asian trade-production network as one of the underlying reasons for China's current account surplus and the role that regional economic cooperation in East *** regional monetary cooperation,can play in reducing global imbalances.
Global cities are where headquarters of multinational corporations,international financial institutions and other producer services are *** cities always have clear and independent cultural identities which are buttre...
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Global cities are where headquarters of multinational corporations,international financial institutions and other producer services are *** cities always have clear and independent cultural identities which are buttressed by world-class cultural institutions. Internationally influential media provide services of information exchange which is crucial to the world city which reckons itself the hub of *** cities are also influential in the arena of world *** to say,world cities are most international in their population *** cities emerge form the regions with economic and political supremacy as well as cultural ***,a global city is evolved rather than *** is primarily made by the market fundamentals which are more critical than the government ***,social and culture powers are what that *** are many cases of failed attempts to build international cities and to make CBDs where only consumer services and commodity housing prevail.
Water shortage is threatening China's social and economical sustainable *** to effectively develop and manage China's valuable water resources- particularly those flowing in its international rivers is one of ...
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Water shortage is threatening China's social and economical sustainable *** to effectively develop and manage China's valuable water resources- particularly those flowing in its international rivers is one of the key factors which will affect China's long-target of *** and co-riparian countries of the international rivers are able to achieve their win-win aims of water utilization for the purpose of their people's livelihood through the mechanism of bilateral or multilateral ***,the situation is becoming more uncertain and complex due to the interferences of USA and other developed *** of rootless arguments and complaints of USA on China's international river development reveal,to some ***'s containment strategy on *** timely dialoguing with the stakeholders of these international rivers in the process of water development,China should be more active in formulating institutions on international river development and management.
The paper examines the contentious issue of the extent of surplus labour that remains in China. China was an extreme example of a surplus labour economy,but the rapid economic growth during the period of economic refo...
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The paper examines the contentious issue of the extent of surplus labour that remains in China. China was an extreme example of a surplus labour economy,but the rapid economic growth during the period of economic reform requires a reassessment of whether the second stage of the Lewis model has been reached or is *** literature is *** the one hand, there are reports of migrant labour scarcity and rising migrant wages;on the other hand,estimates suggest that a considerable pool of relatively unskilled labour is still available in the rural sector. Yet the answer has far-reaching developmental and distributional *** reviewing the *** paper uses the 2002 and 2007 national household surveys of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences to analyse and explain migrant wage *** predict the determinants of *** to examine the size and nature of the pool of potential rural-urban *** attempt is also made to project the rural and urban labour force and migration forward to 2020,on the basis of the 2005 one per cent Population *** paper concludes that for institutional reasons both phenomena are likely to coexist at present and for some time in the future.
The rapid technological change and proliferation of information resources are lineaments of our contemporary *** on the Internet,telecommunications,wireless applications, handheld electronics,social network software,W...
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The rapid technological change and proliferation of information resources are lineaments of our contemporary *** on the Internet,telecommunications,wireless applications, handheld electronics,social network software,Web 2.0,and so forth are all radically redefining the way people obtain information and the way to teach and ***,the widespread Web 2.0 applications have the capacity for educational institutions and corporations involved in training to extend the possibilities of ***,e-learning has become one of the most exciting,dynamic,and yet challenging fields that we have been *** is the elearning? Where are we now? Where has progress been made? What will the future bring? What are the key elements of e-learning we need to focus on? How will we face and rise to new opportunities and challenges? In order to shed light on these questions,this study intends to look at e-learning from historical,conceptual,pedagogical and empirical *** includes: from web to e-learning and e-learning 2.0;opportunities and practices in e-learning;and related concerns and discussions.
The long and rather tortuous international climate negotiations culminating in the recent COP15 Summit in Copenhagen have raised critical questions about the effectiveness of a top-down approach towards addressing glo...
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The long and rather tortuous international climate negotiations culminating in the recent COP15 Summit in Copenhagen have raised critical questions about the effectiveness of a top-down approach towards addressing global climate *** is widely assumed that one of the greatest challenges facing humanity in the 21 century requires a mandate from above in order to mobilise support from *** governance,however,does not begin and end with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate *** reality,governing climate risks now occurs at multiple levels of social organisation involving a diversity of actors pursuing informal and formal arrangements in both public and private *** important question is whether this new model of decentralised governance holds appeal beyond the confines of liberal democratic states? An underlying assumption in the literature on global climate governance is that such a model can only thrive on the basis of open and democratic political processes that promote liberal norms of accountability and *** does this relate to emerging powerful states such as China where governance remains a state prerogative despite ongoing efforts towards greater political pluralisation?
Over the past three decades,East Asia achieved rapid growth through its export-oriented strategy while effectively utilizing abundant low-wage ***,it order for East Asia to lead the sustainable growth of the world eco...
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Over the past three decades,East Asia achieved rapid growth through its export-oriented strategy while effectively utilizing abundant low-wage ***,it order for East Asia to lead the sustainable growth of the world economy,the region needs to develop further,not only as the global manufacturing center,but also as part of the global market,as well as a"global innovation center."In other words,in order for East Asia to become really the third core-region of the world(in addition to Europe and the US),the region needs to transform itself from the world's factory to the"brain power society".In most developed countries today,the major economic activity is not the production of goods but the creation of new ideas and know ledges (broadly defined).In the near future,this will become true also for major cities in emerging ***,East Asia must move to prepare for the brain power networks and cultural interactions.
The currency issued by a developing country is often a non international currency. Because of this,they have to use international currencies to pay their imports and international *** indicates that they will face mor...
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The currency issued by a developing country is often a non international currency. Because of this,they have to use international currencies to pay their imports and international *** indicates that they will face more risk in international payments compared with the developed countries whose currencies are often international *** reduce the risk of international payments,accumulating sufficient reserve of international currency is a necessary and unavoidable objective when they are in international *** such an accumulation requests the surplus in international *** can be possible only under the depreciation-oriented fixed exchange regime(DOFER).Besides,the surplus labor in developing economies also implies that the DOFER in developing countries not only helps them catch up with developed countries *** also benefits the efficient resource allocation within the worldwide *** discussion suggests that an agreement on regular currency exchange between China and *** be a solution to resolving the current dispute on RMB exchange rate.
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