In Nepal,Bristled Grassbird Chaetornis striatus has been recorded sparingly from lowland grasslands below 300 *** systematic studies have focused on Bristled Grassbird in Nepal,so this study was conducted in Chitwan N...
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In Nepal,Bristled Grassbird Chaetornis striatus has been recorded sparingly from lowland grasslands below 300 *** systematic studies have focused on Bristled Grassbird in Nepal,so this study was conducted in Chitwan National Park to determine the population status and assess habitat ecology.A call play-back method was used to detect the *** result,the total population of bird in Chitwan National Park was estimated 4560±*** condition and threats were also *** Grassbirds were five times more likely to occur in Saccharum spontaneum dominated grassland and their presence was negatively correlated with tree *** species preferred grasslands at an early successional stage;therefore,advancement in the succession to scrub and loss of such grasslands could be major threat to the species.
This is a concluding chapter of my new book On the Study of the Future of Chinese Civilization.I have been working on it in Macau,Hong Kong and New York since 2010 and it is coming to its final stage *** main idea of ...
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This is a concluding chapter of my new book On the Study of the Future of Chinese Civilization.I have been working on it in Macau,Hong Kong and New York since 2010 and it is coming to its final stage *** main idea of the manuscript is centered around the idea of human being is a pentagon system which comprises physiology,psychology,sociology,physical and metaphysical ***,it is an open system which,in addition to internal interactions,interacts with other pentagon systems,thus creating human society as well as ***,human socio-cultural systems,including politics,economics,religion,and value systems are there to serve the Master’s *** traditions are the models which enable the Chinese people to survive and develop in history and there to transform itself so that it can go on to be useful and effective;without which it would lose its ***,it fails miserably because of its failure to respond effectively and timely to the challenges of the western civilizations since the nineteenth ***,it is consequently under the impact of the English,Japanese,German,Russian and American *** Chinese elites and activists have been searching for a suitable paradigm to transform China into a modern state since1840s.
One of the key ‘forms of conversion' to contribute substantially to the intellectual transformation of Europe and its worlds during the early modern period is a decisive reorientation of epistemology with its con...
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One of the key ‘forms of conversion' to contribute substantially to the intellectual transformation of Europe and its worlds during the early modern period is a decisive reorientation of epistemology with its consequent recasting of hermeneutics on the part of both humanist scholars and reforming theologians. In the course of the sixteenth century, an epistemology of ‘illumination' exemplified by Erasmian humanism inspired a radical rethinking of semiotics—of the relation between ‘signs' and ‘things signified'—which contributed in turn to a thorough reassessment of the hermeneutical assumptions of religious reformers and counter-reformers alike. This ‘epistemological conversion' of deep-rooted assumptions of the theory of cognition underpins other contemporary forms of conversion as well, including such ‘conversions' as expressed in the translation of the scriptures and other ancient texts, the transformation of sacramental elements according to diverse theories of ‘presence', and a profound reorientation of fundamental cosmological assumptions. For Erasmus, the hermeneutics of conversion begins with cognitive conversion, a conversion of the faculty of understanding together with the assumptions concerning the relation between the intellect and the senses. His account of metanoia in the Enchiridion and its application in the Novum Instrumentum omne(1516) provides a useful point of departure for an exploration of a momentous shift in sixteenth-century cognitive ecology.
Traditional China was the empire of"Classics."Given its enormous standing and tenacious hold in the intellectual culture of China and beyond,the Confucian Classics in East Asia has often been compared to the...
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Traditional China was the empire of"Classics."Given its enormous standing and tenacious hold in the intellectual culture of China and beyond,the Confucian Classics in East Asia has often been compared to the Bible in the *** early Han(206 BC-220AD),the successive ruling houses of imperial China until the last Great Qing Empire(1644-1912)continuously endorsed the ancient"Confucian"Classics as state *** corpus of the Confucian Classics endorsed by the Chinese imperial state were commonly accepted as the foundation of civilization in East Asian civilizations including Korea,Japan,Vietnam,and other nomadic tribal *** may say that the traditional Chinese empire set the standard values for East Asian *** ideological foundation of the traditional Chinese imperial order offers an important forum of debate over the fundamentals conditions of world *** transformation of the Chinese civilization from empire to nation in modern times seems to have undermined the power of the Chinese state to produce universal values for the world *** are we to learn from the power of the traditional Chinese imperial state to set the universal values for world order today?This paper will shed a critical light on empire and universal values through historical reflections on the traditional Chinese world order.
This essay endeavors to unravel the puzzle presented by the recent shift away from regional cooperation and toward enhanced security *** central claim is that these swings have been far less the consequence of externa...
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This essay endeavors to unravel the puzzle presented by the recent shift away from regional cooperation and toward enhanced security *** central claim is that these swings have been far less the consequence of external conditions and are driven far more by domestic *** concretely,it demonstrates how powerful changes in domestic power arrangements have occurred within virtually all of the key countries in the Northeast Asian security complex(China,DPRK,Japan,ROK,and the USA) in response to two major global and regional shifts—the end of the Cold War and the rise in the power of global *** external forces began upending previously stable and recurring domestic power arrangements in all of these countries in the late 1980 s and early 1990 s,challenging pre-existing power arrangements and presenting new opportunities and challenges to ruling coalitions as well as to potential domestic *** these changes propelled countries toward greater regionalization and cooperation but in recent years the same forces have led governments to try bolstering their hold on domestic power positions by flamboyant nationalist behaviors within the *** few exceptions to the broad regional changes further reinforce the claims that domestic political changes have been driving regional interactions.
Megaregions have emerged to become one of the most powerful, persuasive, and dominant spatial imaginaries for explaining globalization's new urban form. This paper begins by examining the foundations upon which th...
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Megaregions have emerged to become one of the most powerful, persuasive, and dominant spatial imaginaries for explaining globalization's new urban form. This paper begins by examining the foundations upon which the megaregion discourse has been constructed, conceptualizing the position occupied by the megaregion in debates prior to the onset of globalization, and discusses how the concept has been reawakened during globalization. It then explores a number of separate, yet interrelated, lines of argumentation which cut into the megaregional debate as it is currently constructed to form the basis for a more critical approach toward megaregional research, planning and governance. It does this to make three substantive arguments:(i) the rhetoric and can-do bravado surrounding megaregions has raced too far ahead of the sustained theoretical and rigorous empirical work needed to support some of the assertions, assumptions, claims and investments made in the belief that megaregions do constitute globalization's new urban form;(ii) understanding the challenges for megaregional planning and governance requires a more historical and political perspective on megaregions;and(iii) megaregional debate is more than just a debate about megaregions, it illuminates broader debates examining urban futures and the future of the urban in important ways.
Since the mid-1950 s European cities have expanded on average by 78%, whereas the population has grown by only 33%. In the PLUREL project- an integrated project within the EU's 6th Framework Programme- more than 1...
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Since the mid-1950 s European cities have expanded on average by 78%, whereas the population has grown by only 33%. In the PLUREL project- an integrated project within the EU's 6th Framework Programme- more than 100 researchers from 15 countries analysed the impacts of urban land consumption at a pan-European level and, through six European and one Chinese case study. The project identified how land use conflicts and the pressure towards peri-urban areas can be strategically managed. To summarise, the following strategies were identified as important steps towards more sustainable urban-rural futures:(i) better territorial cohesion and coordination of transport, land use and open space planning;(ii) urban containment and densification – development of a green compact city;(iii) preservation of blue and green infrastructure;and(iv) preservation of agricultural land and the promotion of local production. The need also remains to strengthen governance at the regional level while at the pan-European level there is clearly a need for more policy attention to be given to urban-rural linkages.
This paper explores the portrayals of China and the world order in 17th century Chos?n fiction,such as Chusaeng-j?n and Ch’oech’?k-ch?n,in both material and emotional *** analyzes the treatment of the spatial distan...
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This paper explores the portrayals of China and the world order in 17th century Chos?n fiction,such as Chusaeng-j?n and Ch’oech’?k-ch?n,in both material and emotional *** analyzes the treatment of the spatial distance and mobility between different characters,locations,and events in the context of 17th *** Asian *** scrutinizing the characters’attitudes towards and ideas of foreign people and land,it reveals the conceptual and emotional borderland of the Korean *** paper demonstrates that in these 17th *** fictional narratives,China and the rest of the world are depicted as an open,borderless,inter-communicative,physically accessible,culturally engaging place beyond socio-political *** also argues that the literary representation of the outside world of the period narrows the distance between different peoples and cultures by prioritizing shared values and a common faith in humanity rather than emphasizing the existing,often contentious world ***,this paper will provide a nuanced understanding of the Korean people’s view on the world order during the 17th century and reveal a more generous,more humane view of geo-political space than common narratives allow.
There is probably no one definitive notion of China’s World *** an obvious distinction can be made between historical and modern China’s governance,there are also distinctive entities associated with what contempora...
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There is probably no one definitive notion of China’s World *** an obvious distinction can be made between historical and modern China’s governance,there are also distinctive entities associated with what contemporary China means,especially after the modernization programs have taken off since *** the Southeast Asian Chinese,the notions of political China,economic China,and cultural China evoke very different *** China refers to the Communist system of government of absolute power and authoritarian,and for many,reminds them with distress and terror,given their experiences of communist insurgency in the1950s and *** Economic China is more positive and confident in its image,and many see opportunities in the huge market and the seemingly endless development projects in the *** Chinese century is associated with this economically vibrant China.A Cultural China no doubt is more neutral but personal,possessing the historical,literal,and poetic elements,which many Overseas China would view as essential psychological components of their primordial ties with the *** as a whole,then,China’s world order is indeed a complex notion,especially for the Overseas Chinese community in Southeast *** needs to be dissected and understood in the context of history,economics,culture,and politics.
The discussions about the quality of democracy are recently underway for both the new and established democracies. After about 40 years of democratization what we have witnessed is not the consolidation of new democra...
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The discussions about the quality of democracy are recently underway for both the new and established democracies. After about 40 years of democratization what we have witnessed is not the consolidation of new democracies but the instability, stagnation, setback, and crisis. The quality of democracy controversy has not excluded the established democracies in Western Europe and North America where the decline of welfare retrenchment, widening of inequalities, violent protests and demonstrations are taking place. We try to conceptualize good democracy and to develop new evaluation index, which correspond to it. We try to evaluate main types of modern democracy and reclassify them based on our concept of "good democracy." We will not only focus on the formal and institutional appearance of democracy, but also search the possible and desirable paths of evolution towards the good democracy that devote to the promotion of the intrinsic values of democracy: democratic procedures, effectiveness, performance and integration. We hope this research to be important contribution in trying to find out the model of "good democracy" in Asia as well as in the world.
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