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检索条件"任意字段=北京论坛（2014）文明的和谐与共同繁荣——中国与世界：传统、现实与未来"

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Consequences of Fragmentation on Territory Quality of Copsychus Malabaricus in Western Part of the Mihintale Sanctuary Sri Lanka

Consequences of Fragmentation on Territory Quality of Copsyc...

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北京论坛（2014）文明的和谐与共同繁荣——中国与世界：传统、现实与未来

作者： Warnakulasooriya Mudiyanselage Menaka Dilhari Rajarata University of Sri Lanka Sri Lanka

The White-rumped Shama(Copsychus malabaricus)(WRS) is a small passerine bird which has a melodious song and solitary behavior that holds a territory all year *** on territorial behavior of WRS is scare in Sri *** study was carried out from May to August in 2013 at western border of the Mihintale sanctuary to investigate the territorial behavior of *** behavioral studies were done by using the focal sampling method.A dummy of WRS and play back calls were used to check the aggressive behavior and the territory *** mapping was done with GPS *** success was measured by number of eggs and chicks emerged from *** frequently used trees for nest building were measured by frequency of visiting time of each tree *** calling durations of male,female and juvenile were measured with a recording *** were marked with colored plastic rings prior to the *** were selected from both fragmented and non-fragmented forest patches to continue the *** territory size of WRS in Mihintale sanctuary varied from 0.019 Km2-0.027 *** size of the territory depended on the degree of habitat *** sizes of the fragmented and non-fragmented areas were 0.020 Km2 and 0.026 Km2 *** results revealed that the successful breeding was observed in non-fragmented forest patch than the fragmented forest ***(43%) and moving(43%) behaviors were high in male and female respectively during the non-nesting *** the nesting period lifting tail wasprominent in male while preening was prominent in *** the site selecting period both had high percentage(male-50% and female-54%) of moving while during the nest guarding period,male showed high tail lifting(28%),calling(26%) and moving(25%) behaviors while female showed high moving(34%) and preening(39%) *** perching height varied with the site selecting *** perching height of mal

关键词： White-rumped Shama,territoriality,behavior,Mihintale sanctuary

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Comparing two avian Afromontane assemblages:Lessons for bird conservation

Comparing two avian Afromontane assemblages:Lessons for bird...

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北京论坛（2014）文明的和谐与共同繁荣——中国与世界：传统、现实与未来

作者： Djomo Nana Eric Charle's University in Prague

Afromontane forests serve as water reservoirs,and local pharmacies for indegenes who rely on a number of tree species to cure their *** forest trees depend in turn on their seed dispersers and pollinators,which are mostly birds,that have become well adapted through evolutionary time to carry out these *** these reasons,Afromontane forests have been reported as being generators of biodiversity,and serve equally as storehouses for phylogenetically old,but very abundant species believed to be living *** such unique assemblages is imperative for conservation as it can provide conservation management with information necessary to carry out the right *** this study,we used point counts,mist netting and continuous observations of birds to verify a previous observation that avian species in the montane forests of the Cameroon volcanic line present an unusual abundance –range size relationship(ARSR).The study was carried out on two mountains of the Cameroon volcanic line;Mt Cameroon- highest mountain in West- Central Africa,surounded by lowland tropical rain forest,and located on the Atlantic coast in the gulf of Guinea,and Mt Oku –located inland,and surounded by savannah in a human dominated *** total,we recorded 99 bird species in both montane *** Oku had a higher species richness,but Mt Cameroon had more abundant *** found a negative abundance-range-size relationship for both locations(Mt Cameroon: Pearson coefficient =-0.308,n = 32,P = 0.06;Mt Oku: Pearson coefficient =-0.23,n = 38,P = 0.14).We argue that the higher species richness on Mt Oku was due to non-forest species that invade the forest interior due to recent human disturbance while the higherabundances of species on Mt Cameroon was due to the fact that its montane forest is relatively *** negative abundance-range-size relationship for both locations was due to the fact that the Cameroon volcanic line still host phylogenetically old species,

关键词： Afromontane forests,bird assemblages,unusual ARSR,proper conservation action

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The Applications of Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) and Geographical Information System(GIS) in Onshore and Offshore Pipeline Integrity Management

The Applications of Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) and Geogra...

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北京论坛（2014）文明的和谐与共同繁荣——中国与世界：传统、现实与未来

作者： Qisheng Pan Dong Zhai Texas Southern University

With the deterioration of pipeline infrastructure, Pipeline Integrity Management has become a critical part to the oil and gas operation in the past several decades. Some serious pipeline accidents can cause serious damage to the environment, as well as serious loss of assets and human lives. For example, the pipeline accident happened in Qingdao killed 62 people, caused billions of dollars financial loss and serious pollution to the natural environment. Pipeline safety should not be overlooked in the urbanization process in China. Another example is the Deepwater Horizon accident in the Gulf of Mexico and asset integrity management is critical to offshore facilities too. Geographic Information System(GIS) has been a major component of Pipeline Integrity Management in the USA. It is mainly used to help pipeline operators manage their pipeline asset data, analyze their inspection data, and provide decision support. Remote sensing technologies such as Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) can also be very useful in the early detection of pipeline right of way activities. It can provide easy pipeline right of way monitoring and early detection of pipeline spill. This paper discusses how these technologies can be used in the onshore and offshore Pipeline Integrity Management process and this paper used a real case study to demonstrate the usefulnessof GIS and Remote Sensing in Pipeline Integrity Management. This paper introduces how these technologies can be used to monitor pipeline right of way, determine the high consequences areas, prepare emergency response and improve public awareness. This research paper aims to help China improve the onshore and offshore Pipeline Integrity Management practice. Pipeline accidents like the one in Qingdao should never happen again.

关键词： SAR and Geographical Information System GIS The Applications of Synthetic Aperture Radar in Onshore and Offshore Pipeline Integrity Management Pipeline System

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十六世紀末韓國與中國福建交流及友好的歷史——以魯認《錦溪日記》為中心

十六世紀末韓國與中國福建交流及友好的歷史——以魯認《錦溪日記...

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北京论坛（2014）文明的和谐与共同繁荣——中国与世界：传统、现实与未来

作者：朴永煥韓國東國大學校

魯認(1566-1622),字公識,號錦溪。朝鮮明宗二十一年(1566年)出生於全羅道羅州荷衣里。宣祖十五年(1582)進士及第,同十八年為冰庫別提。一五九二年朝鮮發生壬辰倭亂,魯認受父親之命,以都元帥權慄參畫,屢立奇功。一五九七年六月在全羅道... 详细信息

魯認(1566-1622),字公識,號錦溪。朝鮮明宗二十一年(1566年)出生於全羅道羅州荷衣里。宣祖十五年(1582)進士及第,同十八年為冰庫別提。一五九二年朝鮮發生壬辰倭亂,魯認受父親之命,以都元帥權慄參畫,屢立奇功。一五九七年六月在全羅道南源戰鬥中魯認被俘獲,押送到日本,之後他在薩摩州的島津義弘度過十八個月的俘虜生活。在中國福建官員林震虩、陳屏山、李元澄等人的協助下,一五九九年三月十七日魯認潛身逃海,十一日後到達福建浯縣。又經過漳州、興化,到福州,在福州生活了三個多月後,再經杭州、山東到北京,一五九九年十二月回到朝鮮。當時魯認堅持每天寫日記,取名為《錦溪日記》。現存《錦溪日記》有從一五九九年二月二十二日至六月二十七日的記錄:記載了他從日本俘虜生活的開始,到漳州、泉州、興化、福州等地的風俗世情和離開福州的情況。包括他在武夷書院兩個多月的生活。魯認和武夷書院的諸秀才們結下了深厚的友情。據《錦溪集》載,萬曆皇帝特下詔書:褒揚他的忠誠如文天祥,氣節操守如蘇武。朝廷同意魯認回國,軍門都督以夫馬護送他到北京。離開福州"各衙諸相一院生徒,作序贈詩,又以閩學宗旨(講程朱,斥陸王)",武夷書院的倪士和與謝兆申等十餘人到山海關為他餞行,飲酒贈詩,別懷無窮。短短的幾個月生活,魯認和武夷書院的諸秀才們結下了深厚的友情。神宗皇帝對魯認的評價很高,"皇上命下兵部賜禦馬一匹,使員外史汝梅護送"。朝廷和福建軍門非常重視和寬待魯認,發展了兩國間的友誼。總之,日記記載的内容極爲豐富,這是《錦溪日記》的一大功勞。據此,我們直接回到了明朝末年的閩文化的環境之中,具体了解十六世紀末閩地的政治社會情況,以及明代士大夫的觀念與思想等。如果说崔溥《漂海錄》堪称十五世紀末韓中文化交流史上的一枝奇葩,那《錦溪日記》也堪称十六世紀末韓中文化交流史上的一枝奇篇,獨具特色的文化遺產,值得進一步研讀和分析。尤其是明代士大夫與朝鮮文人之間的交流情況等,富有史料和學術價值。

关键词：魯認錦溪日記福建學術思想朱子家禮十六世紀詩歌

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Snow Leopard Panthera uncia Survival in Sagarmatha National Park:Inferences from Demographic Structure of Himalayan Tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus

Snow Leopard Panthera uncia Survival in Sagarmatha National ...

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北京论坛（2014）文明的和谐与共同繁荣——中国与世界：传统、现实与未来

作者： Kusi Naresh Friends of Nature(FON) Nepal

After about forty years of its local extinction,the snow leopard(Panthera uncia) made a comeback to Sagarmatha National Park(SNP),apparently due to increase in the population of Himalayan tahr(Hemitragus jemlahicus),the primary prey(Ale et al.,2007).After the return,the snow leopard affected the population of Himalayan tahr through selective predation on their *** led to a reduction in the minimum number of Himalayan tahr by 2/3 from 2003 to *** a consequence,the minimum number of snow leopards also declined from five individuals in 2007 to two individuals in 2010(Ferretti et al.,2014).However,in the recent years,the primary prey has shown an increase in its *** population has remained stable from September-October 2012 to October *** tahr population is increasing in Phorche-Pangboche *** this gradual recovery in the primary prey,the snow leopard in SNP is expected to rebuild its population in a few years to *** report of four snow leopards in Phorche in October 2013 indicates the possibility of this *** the long term survival of snow leopard in SNP would be guaranteed only if the locals did not resort to retaliatory killing since the snow leopard is likely to switch to livestock in view of the inability to switch to natural alternate prey species in presence of the competing leopard(Panthera pardus).Vantage point count method was employed to count Himalayan tahrs assigning individuals to age and sex categories as far as *** present study has shown an overall population density of 3.31/km2 for Himalayan tahrs in ***-Pangboche block exhibited the highestdensity(9.61/km2) and Gokyo block the lowest(0.24/km2).The young to female ratio was found to be 0.52,indicating a stable population of Himalayan tahrs in *** overall male to female ratio of 75:100 was observed possibly due to failure in detecting some adult males wandering in the difficult and inaccessible terrains of higher elevations.

关键词： Demographic structure,Himalayan tahr,Sagarmatha National Park,Snow leopard

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Sawfish Exploitation and Status in Bangladesh

Sawfish Exploitation and Status in Bangladesh

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北京论坛（2014）文明的和谐与共同繁荣——中国与世界：传统、现实与未来

作者： Md.Anwar Hossain Benjamin S.Thompson Gawsla Wahidunnessa Chowdhury Samiul Mohsan OHSANIN Zubair H.Fahad Heather J.Koldewey Md Anwarul Islam Department of Zoology University of DhakaDhaka 1000Bangladesh

Sawfish are among the world's most threatened and understudied marine *** are few studies on sawfish from outside Australian and USA waters- a significant knowledge gap considering their circumtropical distribution and migratory *** paper presents the first assessment of sawfish exploitation and status in Bangladesh: a country that is subject to extensive fishing efforts,and home to the largest mangrove forest on Earth – an ecosystem that provides critical nursery habitat for juvenile sawfish.A countrywide rapid assessment was undertaken between December 2011 and November 2012,using an interdisciplinary *** landing stations,dry fish markets,and fishing villages were visited and a sawfish medicine maker was found and *** addition,interviews with national specialists at academic and fisheries institutions were *** total,203 questionnaire surveys were conducted with fishers and traders in order to understand the extent of decline,potential drivers of declines,and local perceptions and uses of *** rostra were documented from museum archives and private collections,and unpublished data were *** sawfish species,Pristis pristis and Anoxypristis cuspidata were confirmed to be present in *** population declines were *** average annual sawfish encounter rate（observations and catches） declined from 3.7 individuals using lifetime recall data（2-year）,to 1.5 using 5-year recall data,and further to 0.7 using 1-year recall *** consensus from social research methods was that sawfish were caught as bycatch,with drift gill nets being cited as the most damaging gear *** respondent perceived sawfish as a useful animal – typically for medicinal or cultural *** measures are proposed,including a local education and outreach programme to seek behavioural changes – primarily to release live sawfish.

关键词： ocean coastal mangrove endangered species ecological status fish fishing

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Behavioral Adaptation of the Large Eared Pika(Ochotona macrotis Günther,1875) At Langtang National Park,Nepal

Behavioral Adaptation of the Large Eared Pika(Ochotona macro...

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北京论坛（2014）文明的和谐与共同繁荣——中国与世界：传统、现实与未来

作者： Narayan P.Koju Mukesh K.Chalise Central Department of Zoology TUNepal

The study was conducted from April 2011 to January *** thirty months eight field works were carried out for 162 full days covering twice each in spring,/summer/rainy,autumn and winter season in Langtang National Park(LNP),*** in Himalayas are prey species of snow leopard,bear,vulture,weasel and yellow throated *** eared pikas were observed from elevation of 3560m(Thadepati) to 5000m(Lirung Glacier).They were sympatric with Ochotona roylei in Langtang valley,Phedi and *** and pelage colouration was varying with ***,musing,calling,feeding,foraging,Chasing,inside burrow and Galloping behaviours were observed by focal scan *** 17640 minutes external behavior of 43 pikas was recorded from 5:30 AM to 6 *** trap was used to record nocturnal *** is regarded as major behaviour in *** is not only communication in intra-species but also information to predators;call brings predators closer to them than animals who do not *** may increase their chances of being preyed upon by *** hoarding haypile also exposes pika to *** and hoarding haypile is very less(> 1%) in pikas of Langtang National *** may be the adaptation during evolution to avoid predators as Himalaya of Nepal has many pika *** seasonal fur colour variation of Ochotona macrotis body was recorded near Gosainkunda Lake(N 28 o 04'30.5'' E085o25'29.5' and elevation 4746m),on the way to Suryakunda for four *** spring general color of ventral side was pale brownish gray with an orange *** the sides of the face,across the shoulders and from the nose over the occipital,the general grayish color was tinged with *** were of yellowish colour withmixture of *** the dorsal neck there was crescent patch of dark yellowish red *** might be the sign of maturation or sexual attraction to opposite sex as spring is their breeding *** summer brownish ventral was

关键词： Pika,fur,colour,adaptation,Langtang,Nepal

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Space-use Patterns by Mid-elevation Ungulates in a Subalpine Habitat in Sikkim Himalaya

Space-use Patterns by Mid-elevation Ungulates in a Subalpine...

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北京论坛（2014）文明的和谐与共同繁荣——中国与世界：传统、现实与未来

作者： Tanushree Srivastava National Centre for Biological Sciences and Centre for Wildlife Studies BangaloreIndia

Three mid-elevation ungulates *** musk deer(Moschus chrysogaster),Himalayan goral(Naemorhedus goral) and Himalayan serow(Capricornis thar) were studied in a subalpine habitat of Sikkim Himalaya,India between April 2011 and March *** study aimed at understanding the space-use patterns and the factors affecting the same for the three ungulate species and was carried out in Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary situated in East district of *** trails(16) between 3000 m and 4200 m elevation were repeatedly sampled to estimate dung encounter rates and photo-capture rates as indicators of *** trails were sampled in winter when temperature went down to- 15 o C and post winter when temperature went up to 19 *** photo-capture as well as dung encounter rates showed musk deer and serow to be distributed all along the elevation gradient with goral mostly restricted till 3600 *** had the highest mean dung encounter rate(dung groups/km)(1.27±0.28) followed by musk deer(1.07±0.19) and serow(0.13±0.06).Mean photo-capture rate(number of photographs/100 days) was,however,the highest for musk deer(5.60 ± 0.90) followed by goral(1.96 ± 0.44) and serow(1.45 ± 0.59).Along the elevation gradient,the dung encounter rates as well as photo-capture rates increased for musk deer and decreased for goral and serow,thus authenticating the unimodal distribution patterns of the ***-inflated Poisson regression was used to identify the most important factors affecting the space-use patterns of the three ***,slope,aspect,season and dog photo-capture rates were used as predictor variables for the *** was found to be the most important factor in determining thespace-use patterns of musk deer(positively) and goral(negatively) with no significant effects on *** deer also showed strong associations with steeper south-east and south-west facing *** use patterns of goral and serow were,however,not affected by slope and

关键词： Space-use Patterns by Mid-elevation Ungulates in a Subalpine Habitat in Sikkim Himalaya

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Understanding Human-elephant Relationships and Assessment of the Effectiveness of Conflict Mitigation Measures in Valparai,Tamilnadu,India

Understanding Human-elephant Relationships and Assessment of...

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北京论坛（2014）文明的和谐与共同繁荣——中国与世界：传统、现实与未来

作者： Rashmi Singh Rishi Kumar Sharma Ambedkar Unversity India

The Annamalai hill range in Southern Western Ghats contains the second largest population of elephants in India(Kumar et al.2004) and is also identified as the largest potential area for the long term conservation of elephants(Leimgruber,2003).However the Vaparai region of Annamalai has seen an increase in human-elephant conflict rates in last two *** Conservation Foundation(NCF),a conservation NGO initiated a few conflict mitigation measures *** warning indicator,bulk SMS service and information snippets through cable TV network to reduce the *** little is understood about how people in this area view elephants and whether the conflict mitigation measures of NCF have been *** this background,We attempted to i) Understand human-elephant relations and ii) assess the effectiveness of conflict mitigation ***-structured interviews and focused group discussions were conducted to collect qualitative and quantitative data on local's attitude and perception in 17 randomly selected estates.204 people were interviewed including 90 females(44%) and 104 males(56%) *** was collected during June to October *** overwhelming majority(76%) of locals have a positive attitude towards elephants with little difference in attitudes across gender,age or *** locals seem to have a complex range of feelings including empathy,respect,fear and love towards *** gave diverse reasons for elephants visit in human settlements which included attractants such as fruiting trees and ration shop in and around settlements(24%),habitat loss and degradation offorests(9%) hence shortage of food and water inside forests(14%),perceived increase in elephant population(23%),disturbance caused by humans including pilgrimage inside forest areas(4%),human habitations falling on the migratory route of elephants(2%),and no fear of humans in elephants by a single respondents.38 percent of respondents receive SMS on their mobil

关键词： Understanding Human-elephant Relationships and Assessment of the Effectiveness of Conflict Mitigation Measures in Valparai,Tamilnadu,India

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Status & Conservation Prospects of Bengal Slow Loris Nycticebus Bengalensis in Northeast India

Status & Conservation Prospects of Bengal Slow Loris Nyctice...

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北京论坛（2014）文明的和谐与共同繁荣——中国与世界：传统、现实与未来

作者： Nabajit Das K.A.I.Nekaris J.Biswas J.Das P.C.Bhattacharjyee

Biodiversity loss in Asia is occurring at an unprecedented rate,and monitoring the abundance and distribution of species is essential for their conservation and for assessments for the IUCN Red List(IUCN,2010).Such information is lacking for many Indo-Chinese primates and particularly for nocturnal primates because they are often elusive and are difficult to study during their active periods(Starr et al.,2011).Endemic to Southeast Asia,including Northeast India,the Bengal slow loris Nycticebus bengalensis,a ‘vulnerable' nocturnal primate,draws less attention from *** species is predicted to decline by more than 30% in the next three generations over its entire range for continuing hunting pressures and loss of habitat(IUCN,2008).The species enjoy the highest legal protection by Indian Wildlife Protection Act,1972(amended in 2003) as 'Schedule- I' *** situation is alarming because of continuous assault through hunting and continuous habitat *** of threats monitoring,lack of awareness and less research priority in recent past created a void in our understanding on the *** Northeast India,the status of Bengal slow loris is unclear because of scanty information about the population and distribution,which is the main hindrance to develop a conservation strategy in *** February 2009 to May 2010,and November 2012 to January 2013,we carried out a detailed survey to estimate the population status of Bengal slow loris in protected areas of Assam and Arunachal *** transect methods were used to estimate loris encounter rates.A team of 3- 4 individuals conducted surveys at night(1800 – 0300 h) on foot,detecting lorises *** first phase of survey we covered 370 km and in second phase of survey covered 71 km only in Namdapha National Park,Arunachal *** abundance estimate of this species in surveyed areas was calculated at 0.06 to 0.42 loris / km,which is relatively low when compared to estimates o

关键词： Conservation Prospects of Bengal Slow Loris Nycticebus Bengalensis in Northeast India Status

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