We examine the impact of primary school mergers on academic performance of students using a dataset that we collected using a survey designed specifically to examine changes in the academic performance of students bef...
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We examine the impact of primary school mergers on academic performance of students using a dataset that we collected using a survey designed specifically to examine changes in the academic performance of students before and after their schools were merged. We use difference-in-differences and propensity score matching approaches and demonstrate that overall the primary school merger has not harmed the academic performance of students, as some have claimed. We do find, however, that the timing of mergers matter;when students are older(e.g., the fourth grade) their grades rise after merging. The grades of younger students, however, fall.
Using data from recently surveyed households, this study investigated factors influencing household food consumption away from home in Beijing by type of food facility and type of meal. Box-Cox transformed double-hurd...
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Using data from recently surveyed households, this study investigated factors influencing household food consumption away from home in Beijing by type of food facility and type of meal. Box-Cox transformed double-hurdle models were estimated. Consistent with prior expectations derived from the Becker's household production and consumption theory, household income, time opportunity cost and other socio-demographic and economic factors were found to be important determinants of household participation and expenditure decisions for dining out. However, the importance of these factors varied by type of food facility and type of meal. Meanwhile, the estimated elasticities with respect to income were correspondingly higher than those for developed countries, suggesting that the demand for food away from home by Chinese households is still in an upward trend.
As one major driving force to the growth of regional economy, discontinuous industrial innovation has been a focus field in previous literatures. Recent studies tend to offer modularity as a solution to growing comple...
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As one major driving force to the growth of regional economy, discontinuous industrial innovation has been a focus field in previous literatures. Recent studies tend to offer modularity as a solution to growing complexity across the product, organization and industry domains. However, little attention has been paid to link modularity with discontinuous innovation. Therefore, our research aims to examine the relationship between modularity and discontinuous innovation at industry level. In fact, both of their information and evolutional paths can be explored by patent analysis. Thus, the patent data from automobile industry is used to explore their correlations. Corresponding indicators constructed by patent information are employed to analyze the dynamics of modularity and evolution of discontinuous technology in automobile industry. This analysis tries to provide a quantitative and dynamic perspective for understanding development of industrial technologies and demonstrating coevolution of modularity and discontinuous innovation.
This paper introduces a Malmquist CO2 emission performance index(MCPI) for measuring changes in total factor carbon emission performance over time. The MCPI is derived by solving several data envelopment analysis mode...
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This paper introduces a Malmquist CO2 emission performance index(MCPI) for measuring changes in total factor carbon emission performance over time. The MCPI is derived by solving several data envelopment analysis models. Bootstrapping MCPI is proposed to perform statistical inferences on the MCPI results. Using the index the emission performance of the world's 18 top CO2 emitters from 1997 to2004 is studied. The results obtained show that the total factor carbon emission performance of the countries as a whole improved by 24% over the period and this was mainly driven by technological progress. The results of a cross-country regression analysis to investigate the determinants of the resulting MCPI are presented.
Urban economy is confronted with increasing biophysical limitations derived from the exhaustion of natural resources and the depletion of environmental capacity, and human cultural diversity has been declining during ...
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Urban economy is confronted with increasing biophysical limitations derived from the exhaustion of natural resources and the depletion of environmental capacity, and human cultural diversity has been declining during the fast urbanization. The conventional anthropocentric economics, regarding the natural environment as the ‘exterior' of human economy, is invalid in the scientific evaluation on the contribution of natural resources and environment as well as human culture when facing the current urban crises. The theory of embodied available energy, as the latest development of ecological economics and ecological thermodynamics, is introduced in this study to construct an ecological evaluation framework of urban economy. The advantage of embodied available energy dedicated to ecological economics has been discussed in comparison with other ecological evaluation alternatives. Transformities describing hierarchies and manifesting quality are systematically calculated and tabulated. A new framework of embodied available energy based on network accounting(EmexNA) is sketched out in this study, taking not only diversity flows but also ecological stocks into consideration. The stock based concept of ‘ecological wealth'and the flow based concept of ‘ecological cost' as well as related evaluation indicators are developed based on EmexNA. Taking Beijing city as the case, the network accounting and related ecological evaluation of a practical urban economy are carried out in this study in the light of the basic social, economic and environmental data available from 1990 to 2005 of Beijing. The system construction and the ecological mechanism of the development of Beijing economy are correspondingly illuminated and discussed.
As the largest developing country, China has entered into the epidemiological phase characterized by high life expectancy and high morbidity and mortality from chronic *** diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disea...
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As the largest developing country, China has entered into the epidemiological phase characterized by high life expectancy and high morbidity and mortality from chronic *** diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and malignant tumors have become the leading causes of death since the 1990s. Constant payments for maintaining the health status of a family member who has chronic diseases could exhaust the household recourses, reduce commanding over other necessities, and eventually result in poverty. An extra 10.53% of the families with chronic ill member were impoverished due to paying for health, which are more than two folds of the proportion in the families without chronic ill member. There is a higher catastrophic health expenditure incidence in the families with chronic ill member. After controlling for household size, income, gender of household heads, education level of household heads, family member's self-perceived illness in 14 days, hospitalization episodes in 1year, and member's clinical visits in 14 days, results of logistic regression shows that simply adding extra benefits has not reduced the financial risks. There is a lack of effective financial protection in health for families with chronic ill member in rural China, even though there is a high coverage rate of New Cooperative Medical Schemes. Given the coming universal coverage of NCMS and the increasing central government fund in risk pool, providing effective financial protection for families should be promised by systematic reform of both financing mechanism and payment methods.
China's total energy consumption, according to the official data, decreased impressively during 1997-1998and increased sharply during 2003-2007, which in turn resulted in energy intensity fluctuation. Many literat...
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China's total energy consumption, according to the official data, decreased impressively during 1997-1998and increased sharply during 2003-2007, which in turn resulted in energy intensity fluctuation. Many literatures explained this "unusual phenomenon" from the perspectives of technical change, economic structure shifting and statistical data quality. They measured aggregate energy in thermal units by using linear summation approaches. In this paper, from the perspectives of heterogeneity and imperfect substitutability among diverse energy types, we further examine China's aggregate energy consumption by using Divisia(Sato-Vartia) approach. The results show that China's aggregate energy consumption and intensity fluctuated slightly less than values calculated by using conventional linear approaches, and the"unusual phenomenon" is partly explained. It also implies that China's energy intensity changes in2006-2007 are slightly more optimistic than those officially reported, and the official communiqué of provincial energy intensity reduction achievements are partly bias. Some provincial achievement are underestimated or overestimated on some provinces. Our empirical results are also helpful to further research, such as energy-economic modeling, energy price elasticity, and elasticity of substitution among capital-labor-energy-material(KLEM). The difficulties or defects when using Divisia approach are also discussed in this paper.
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