Rice is one of the most important food crops in China,and is commonly cultivated in large river *** those areas,the extensive use of pesticides may pose adverse effect on water quality of the rivers ***,it would be ne...
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Rice is one of the most important food crops in China,and is commonly cultivated in large river *** those areas,the extensive use of pesticides may pose adverse effect on water quality of the rivers ***,it would be necessary to conduct pesticide risk assessment at a basin-scale ***,a watershed-scale scenario was developed to represent the specific soil,water,climate and agricultural management practices of rice cultivation in East Tiaoxi river basin of Zhejiang Hangzhou.A 1500-ha rice-cultivated basin was simulated using a combination of a rice water quality model(RICEWQ v 1.90) and a surface water quality model(EXAMS v 2.98.04) *** mass releases from paddies were utilized as inputs to a large river(20m width×5km length×2m depth).In order to validate the established model and scenario system,monitoring studies were conducted during 2008, 2009 and 2010 in the Tiaoxi river basin of *** of the 90th percentile of maximum daily river predicted exposure concentrations(PECs) with the maximum measured concentrations of chlorpyrifos in the Tiaoxi River revealed acceptable ***,the derived PECs through modelling,and eco-toxicological endpoints obtained from the literature, were used to calculate acute and chronic risk quotients(RQs) for aquatic *** risk assessment suggested that chlorpyrifos may pose marginal risk to aquatic invertebrates and low risk to most other aquatic *** study could provide useful reference for the development of similar representative scenarios in China.
abstract In the EU,there are various legislative frameworks addressing endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs),*** regulations on industrial chemicals(REACH),plant protection products(PPPs),and biocides as well as the g...
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abstract In the EU,there are various legislative frameworks addressing endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs),*** regulations on industrial chemicals(REACH),plant protection products(PPPs),and biocides as well as the guideline on the environmental risk assessment of medicinal products for human use(pharmaceuticals).Developing identification criteria for EDCs is a focus for the EU. Meanwhile,international organisations like WHO/UNEP and OECD have published documents on *** paper summarizes recent activities related to addressing EDCs and scientific challenges. Current activities Several documents have been published,including a report on the implementation of the Community Strategy for Endocrine Disruptors;State-of-the-art of the assessment of endocrine disrupters(from DG ENV);The impacts of endocrine disrupters on wildlife,people and their environments The Weybridge+15(1996-2011) report(from EEA).Several European Commisison expert groups have been formed,including the 'Ad-hoc group' for bringing science and policy together,and JRC and EFSA expert groups for discussing horizontal scientific identification *** chemicals have been listed under REACH as Substances of very high concern(SVHC) of an equivalent level of concern due to the endocrine disrupting *** OECD is focusing on the following five aspects concerning EDCs:l)The conceptual framework was revised;2) Test guidelines including different biomarkers for elucidating MOAs and apical endpoints have been validated and developed;3) A guidance document on standardised test guidelines for evaluating chemicals for endocrine disruption was published;4) A detailed review paper on novel in vitro and in vivo screening and testing methods and endpoints for evaluating endocrine disruptors was released;5) adverse outcome pathways(AOPs).The WHO/UNEP has revised the "Global assessment of the state-of-the-science of endocrine disruptors" In addition,the endocrine disruptor screening program(EDSP)
Nano-TiO2 is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant and is widely used in industry. Exposure to nano-TiO2,which can pass through the cell membrane,can lead to the suppression of cell growth,cell apoptosis and DNA *** ...
Nano-TiO2 is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant and is widely used in industry. Exposure to nano-TiO2,which can pass through the cell membrane,can lead to the suppression of cell growth,cell apoptosis and DNA *** development of DNA microarray methods for genome-wide analysis of gene expression provides a powerful way to determine the overall functional state of the *** used a global expression profile microarray of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to identify the genes that modulate the cellular toxicity of *** exposed concentrations were 10 mg L-1 and 50 mg *** exposed times were 1 hour and 2 *** results show that 147 genes expression changed,of which 100 was down-regulated expression, and the other 47 was *** HSC82 expression decreased most and it encodes a cytoplasmic chaperone of the HSP90 family,redundant in function and nearly identical with HSP82p,and together they are *** the HSP30 expression increased most,and it encodes a protein which plays a role in hydrophobic plasma membrane *** this stress-responsive protein negatively regulates the H(+)-ATPase *** other genes whose expression decreased more are SSA1|SSA2,YAL004W,HSC82,et *** the other genes whose expression increased more are CPR6,PLB2,STL1,et *** the 147 genes,the most important ones are the HSP family,which encode the proteins related to mitochondrial matrix, heat shock,plasma membrane localized,stress-responsive,et *** a word,the yeast cell be induced and response to the stress with exposed to nano-TiO2.
Although it has been found that the adverse effects of some engineered nanomaterials （ENMs） can be recovered under the normal condition,we know little about the mechanism for recovery response *** we explored nemato...
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Although it has been found that the adverse effects of some engineered nanomaterials （ENMs） can be recovered under the normal condition,we know little about the mechanism for recovery response *** we explored nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate the recovery responses of titanium dioxide nanoparticles（TiCVNPs） exposed animals under the normal condition and the in vivo underlying *** acute exposure to 100 mg/L of Ti02-NPs,locomotion behavior,pharyngeal pumping rate,intestinal autofluorescence and ROS production of exposed nematodes returned to control levels under the normal *** contrast,after prolonged exposure to 100μg/L of TiTiO-NPs,locomotion behavior,pharyngeal pumping rate,intestinal autofluorescence and ROS production of exposed nematodes could not be recovered to control levels under the normal ***,we provided evidence to indicate the great contribution of both defecation and intestinal barrier to recovery response formation for TiO-NPs exposed *** after prolonged exposure to 100μg/L of TiO-NPs exhibited severe deficits in development of AVL and DVB neurons controlling defecation and intestinal structure,whereas nematodes after acute exposure to 100 mg/L of TiO-NPS had the normal developmental state of AVL and DVB neurons and intestinal structure, implying that the structural states of AVL and DVB neurons and intestinal barrier further serves as the pivotal developmental basis for recovery response formation in TiO-NPs exposed animals. Thus,we here elucidate the key underlying mechanism explaining the recovery response of TiO-NPs exposed *** data also imply that maintenance or control of both defecation behavior and primary biological barrier should be carefully considered during the design of prevention strategy or new safe ENMs.
Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in both domestic and occupational settings are the main substances causing multiple chemical sensitivity reactions in human. Neurobehavioral toxicology is one of the most common toxic ...
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Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in both domestic and occupational settings are the main substances causing multiple chemical sensitivity reactions in human. Neurobehavioral toxicology is one of the most common toxic effects that VOCs *** order to investigate its direct effects on learning and memory capacity,different concentrations of formaldehyde,benzene,toluene and xylene were administered daily(2 h/d) to Kunming male mice for acute(10 days) and subchronic(13 weeks) *** studies demonstrated that mice in each group showed a decrease in escape latency during the hidden platform acquisition test in both acute and subchronic exposure *** the mean escape latency of the control had the fastest decrease,while that of higher VOCs concentration inhaled groups(2,3,4 groups in acute and subchronic exposure experiment) had the slower *** acute exposure experiment,mice in the control spent(45.8±2.8) s in the target quadrant during the probe test,which is significant higher than group 2(36.7±1.7) s,group 3 (27.1±1.1) s and group 4(25.9±2.8) s(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The same phenomenon was also found in subchronic exposure *** the control group,the time spent in the target quadrant was(43.0±5.8) s,while that in group 3 and group 4 were(29.8±5.4) s,(24.8±5.8) s. These results suggested that there were severe effects on learning and memory capacity of the mice in these higher level VOCs-inhaled *** findings finally indicated that inhaled VOCs negatively affected learning and memory capacity of mice in both acute and subchronic exposure experiment,escape latency and time spent in the target quadrant can be used as sensitive indicators to evaluate VOCs-induced learning and memory capacity dysfunction.
Lake eutrophication,which could be reversed by the establishment of nutrient criteria and control standards,is of great concern to the Chinese government and *** historical and present levels of nitrogen and phosphoru...
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Lake eutrophication,which could be reversed by the establishment of nutrient criteria and control standards,is of great concern to the Chinese government and *** historical and present levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in the 28 lakes of China suggested that the nutrient concentrations in the lakes of Xinjiang and Jiangsu（e.g.,macrophyte-dominated Lake Gucheng and Lake Shijiu） and the deep lakes in Yunnan Province（Lake Fuxian and Lake Lugu） were relative low while they were high in the other ***,nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations are still increasing in most of the lakes except Lake Taihu and Lake Xuanwu.A comparison between the cyanobacteria and macrophyte dominated eutrophication indicated that total phosphorus（TP） concentration was always in high levels throughout the year in cyanobacteria dominated lakes（regions）. Based on the kinetics results of cyanobacterial decomposition and phosphorus release,the phosphorus flow rates in the ecosystems were relatively fast,which resulted in the high dissolved phosphorus concentration,i.e.,the ratios of TDP/TP were all above 30%in different cyanobacteria dominated lakes （regions）.The relatively low phosphorus concentrations appeared during the growth of macrophyte and extremely high TP levels when they were *** relationship between TP and the primary productivities in the lake ecosystems could be simulated with the equation Rmax = k0/（1 -η）(Rmax represents the capacity of changing TP into the actual primary productivity（Chl-a）,k0 is the slope of linear regression between TP and Chl-a for the standing crop of the 28 lakes examined,andηmeans the phosphorus transfer efficiency in the lake ecosystem).Then the equation Rmax= e0.000728Tem was used to describe the relationship between Rmax and the accumulated temperature（Temp）.The phosphorus flows in aqueous ecosystems are slow if Temp is lower than 3400 oC·d,and become fast when Tern is above 4730 oC·d.28 lakes are geographically categoriz
Remediation of active industrial areas has special requirements as infrastructure and other functions must be kept intact during the remediation *** order to meet these demands,new alternative strategies and remediati...
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Remediation of active industrial areas has special requirements as infrastructure and other functions must be kept intact during the remediation *** order to meet these demands,new alternative strategies and remediation technologies adapted to areas with ongoing operations,should be *** project focuses on Domsj(o|¨) industrial area in Ornskoldsvik,Sweden,an area with over 100 years of pulp-and paper industry,chemical industry as well as other industrial activities. The aim of the project is to develop a general scientifically based methodology applicable to the management of contaminated industrial sites with ongoing activities. In the project,scientists,consultants and site operators merge their areas of expertise to develop alternative methods and techniques specifically designed for the contaminated soil in ongoing activities. The project is divided into four parts:Ⅰ) In depth studies of contaminant interactions with soil and fundamental processes regulating the mobility of metals and organic contaminants at the site were initiated(*** of leaching behavior in batch and column tests in relation to soil characteristics,pH,and the release of DOC).New analytical techniques were applied for characterization of the contaminants and for identification of potentially harmful substances.Ⅱ) Based on an inventory of hydrology and soil conditions,a hydro geological model was established for the whole area.Ⅲ) An inventory of appropriate remediation techniques and combination of techniques was performed.Ⅳ) Laboratory and field experiments were used. Results and experiences from the different parts of the project are presented as key components in the development of new methodologies and technologies adapted to areas with ongoing operations.
In China,the rapid industrial development and urbanisation processes occurred over the past 30 years have increased dramatically the consumption of natural resources and raw materials and caused serious pollution of s...
In China,the rapid industrial development and urbanisation processes occurred over the past 30 years have increased dramatically the consumption of natural resources and raw materials and caused serious pollution of soil,natural waters and urban air,thus generating enormous economic and environmental *** a result,the coexistence of population and natural resources has become a prominent issue which requires the development of effective industrial planning to support regional sustainable economy ***,local authorities are asked to select safe sites for new industrial settlements according to environmental risk assessment approaches considering cumulative impacts of chemicals,synergistic pollution effects and risks of accidental ***, in order to support decision makers in the development of efficient and effective regional land-use plans,a spatial regional risk assessment methodology which integrates relative risk and socio-economic assessments was *** the non spatial traditional environmental exposure analysis and risk assessment of chemicals,the proposed approach considers the heterogeneity of the chemicals' spatial distributions,the spatial positions and relations between receptors and stressors,as well as the spatial distribution of the variables involved in the risk *** developed methodology combines spatial analysis and multi criteria decision analysis(MCDA) techniques with the aim of identify suitable areas for new industrial settlements and areas in need of intervention *** regional risk assessment methodology was applied to the Chinese region of Hulunbeier which is located in eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,adjacent to the Republic of Mongolia and *** application results demonstrated the effectiveness of the regional risk assessment methodology which proved to efficiently support regional land planning based on environmentally safe and economically profitable industria
In many parts of the world the main mean of waste disposal is *** has also been the case in Sweden,but in recent years there have been strict restrictions on what materials that are allowed on such facilities,and the ...
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In many parts of the world the main mean of waste disposal is *** has also been the case in Sweden,but in recent years there have been strict restrictions on what materials that are allowed on such facilities,and the organic fractions of waste is either composted or *** landfills do however still pose a threat to the environment as rain percolates the materials and leach various pollutants,which are removed to varying degree by various leachate treatment processes.A project was therefore initiated by the Swedish EPA to i) determine what pollutants are emitted from representative landfills and in what quantities and 2) compare the efficiency of different treatment *** poster summarizes the results of the first part. Leachate was collected from six landfills and was extracted by dichloromethane at various pH to obtain separate base-neutral and acidic contaminant *** latter was derivatized by *** samples were the analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatograph - time of flight mass spectrometry(GCxGC-ToF-MS).This technique separates the pollutants based on volatility(boiling point) in the first dimension and polarity in the second dimension. Because the modes of separation are independent of each other the total separation efficiency(peak capacity) are very *** of compounds can be physically *** use of a mass spectrometer for detection adds an additional separation mechanism and further expands the separation power,especially if combined,as in this case,with mathematical peak and spectra deconvolution routines. A result of the high separation power is that the quality of MS spectra generally is very good and,as a consequence,more than 700 pollutants could be tentatively identified using commercial spectral libraries;that contain ca 700 000 compounds. Many pollutants and pollutant classes were in common for the six leachate samples, *** hydrocarbons,cyclic hydrocarbons,ar
Cyanobacterial bloom has become an ecological disaster and causes huge health hazards to animals and human beings all over the ***(MC) is a kind of secondary metabolic pollutant produced by *** Taihu is undergoing a g...
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Cyanobacterial bloom has become an ecological disaster and causes huge health hazards to animals and human beings all over the ***(MC) is a kind of secondary metabolic pollutant produced by *** Taihu is undergoing a gradual eutrophication and an annual occurrence of cyanobacterial surface bloom in the warm *** reticulum stress(ERS) is a newly discovered pathway of medicating apoptosis and pathogenesis of many metabolic *** in murine liver and kidney exposed to microcystin-LR and cyanobacterial bloom's water samples from Lake Taihu were *** then the genes expression related lipid metabolism was *** to the organ specificity of toxic effects induced by MC-LR,exposure to 20μg/ kg/d MC-LR for 21 days induced damage and apoptosis in hepatic cells but not in renal ***-LR exposure at dose of 20μg/kg/d for 21 days induced ERS in hepatic cells but not in renal cells of mice and the involvement of ERS in induction of apoptosis in hepatic cells and anti-apoptosis in renal cells of mice exposed to ***- and cleaved-caspase-12-mediated ERS pathway played important roles in MC-LR-induced and ERS-dependent apoptosis in hepatic cells but not in renal cells under exposure to 20μg/kg/d MC-LR for 21 *** relevant special genes and proteins,such as CHOP and cleaved-caspase-12,could be considered as potentially new biomarkers used for detection of MC-LR toxicity in toxicological risk *** bloom's water samples from Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu induced hepatic cell apoptosis via ERS but not renal *** Bay's water has lower toxicity to kidney than that to liver,but changed mRNA expression of molecules of ERS signaling in *** samples from Meiliang Bay caused hepatic lipid metabolism perturbations and abdominal obesity after the mice were chronically exposed to cyanobacrerial bloom's water *** sterol regulatory response of ERS played an important role in hepatic l
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