As chemical industry parks developed fast in recent decades, the risks of chemical plants had been increased dramatically and major accidents had taken place frequently. In order to implement inherent safety, avoid an...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781510817159
As chemical industry parks developed fast in recent decades, the risks of chemical plants had been increased dramatically and major accidents had taken place frequently. In order to implement inherent safety, avoid and reduce accidents loss, the concept of safety capacity of chemical industry park was proposed. At the same time, suitable layout design was used to prevent the domino effect and decrease the overall regional risk. In the present paper, the definition of safety capacity was studied. Based on risk capacity calculation model which used individual risk, societal risk and potential loss of life as indicators, influence factors of safety capacity(such as safety management, safety technique and emergency system) were took into consideration and an adaptable safety capacity calculation model was constructed. The new calculation model was applied to evaluate both overall and existing safety capacity of a partially completed chemical industry park and predict the scales of chemical plants which may settle down in the future. On this basis, for the purpose of preventing major accidents and external domino effect accidents, regional risks of different layout design options were analyzed and the best suitable layout design was determined. The paper proposed a new safety capacity calculation model and a case study was presented to illustrate the applicability of this methodology in planning and layout design of the chemical industrial park.
Conventional process safety design techniques were used to identify potential hazards and suggested corresponding solutions. Nevertheless, the recommend risk reduction alternatives against application of inherent safe...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781510817159
Conventional process safety design techniques were used to identify potential hazards and suggested corresponding solutions. Nevertheless, the recommend risk reduction alternatives against application of inherent safety design(ISD) concept to prevent or minimize the inherent hazards. One of the main reasons could be the shortage of reasonable techniques or tools to support implementation of the guidewords in process safety design. Thus, a risk-based procedure was conducted to analyze the performance of various inherent safety principles in chemical process. The developed method namely Reformulate Inherently Safer Idea(RISI) could be used to quantitative analysis the hazard and inherent safety degree based on the hazard characteristics of the exothermic reaction and thermal runaway risk assessment theory. Under the condition of the thermal effect of the reaction were more considered, the potential of thermal runaway was represented for the trigger conditions and the power were represented the severity of the accident, then the potential hazards of process was obtained. If the hazard was unaccepted, the inherently safer design must be taken and the inherent safe impact value was calculated. RISI was applied to a nitric acid oxidation of alcohols combined with the experimental data by RC1. The results show that the potential hazard value was reduced by 60% after ISD. Meanwhile, it was found that the sensitivity of RISI to basic process parameters was higher than SWe HI and I2 SI index.
In managing occupational safety or work safety, it has been a common approach in many countries of forecasting and setting quantified and time-limited targets to reduce work-related accidents, fatalities and injuries,...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781510817159
In managing occupational safety or work safety, it has been a common approach in many countries of forecasting and setting quantified and time-limited targets to reduce work-related accidents, fatalities and injuries, and this is usually included in a wide range of work safety plans and policies formulated and implemented by the government. In this paper, we present a new method for forecasting and setting safety targets by using a combination of Multivariate Grey Model and Linear Regression Model. To develop a better understanding of how to forecast the likely number of fatalities in the target year, we first perform a descriptive analysis to identify what factors within the broader economic, societal and technological backgrounds may contribute towards changes in the incidence of workplace fatalities over time, and then use seven indicators as the mark for these factors to generate a Multivariate Grey Forecast Model. Also, Accident Reduction Factors(ARFs) commonly used in road safety field are incorporated to provide a computationally simple and quick way of estimating fatality reductions, taking account the aggregated effectiveness performance of the work safety policy interventions. Finally, an application of the proposed function is made by using fatality records in several consecutive years to forecast and set safety targets for the target year. Our final objective is to explore the potential utility of the multivariate forecasting model to provide decision support for related agencies to forecast and set new safety targets and to estimate the effects of new safety measures in the target year.
Experiments were done to research fan water curtain diluting water-insoluble heavy gas(carbon dioxide as an example) dispersion in open space in this paper. In experiments, the influence of water flow pressure, distan...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781510817159
Experiments were done to research fan water curtain diluting water-insoluble heavy gas(carbon dioxide as an example) dispersion in open space in this paper. In experiments, the influence of water flow pressure, distance between leakage source and water curtain, height of leakage source and squirt angle of fan water curtain on dilution effect were done. Experimental results show that the higher the water pressure of fan water curtain is, the lower the concentration of carbon dioxide behind the water curtain is, and thus, more efficient the dilution effect is. However, when water pressure is no lower than 0.25 MPa, the concentration of carbon dioxide behind the water curtain will not continue decreasing. Also, when leakage source height is higher, the concentration of carbon dioxide is higher, and the dilution effect is worse. When water curtain is closer to leakage source, the concentration of carbon dioxide downwind is higher. When the ratio of K, which is leakage source height to the distance of water curtain away from leakage source, is 0.6 and dilution effect is the best. Furthermore, when the squirt angle is 60°, the dilution effect is comparatively good..
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