In the primary motor cortex,distinct streams of information are conveyed by synaptic inputs that terminate at different dendritic sites of pyramidal *** the major output neurons of the motor cortex,how layer 5 pyramid...
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In the primary motor cortex,distinct streams of information are conveyed by synaptic inputs that terminate at different dendritic sites of pyramidal *** the major output neurons of the motor cortex,how layer 5 pyramidal neurons integrate the synaptic inputs at both
The devastating and permanent disabilities after spinal cord and other types of mammalian central nervous system(CNS)injury is caused by the failure of injured axons to regenerate and to re-build the functional *** in...
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The devastating and permanent disabilities after spinal cord and other types of mammalian central nervous system(CNS)injury is caused by the failure of injured axons to regenerate and to re-build the functional *** in the mammalian CNS lose their intrinsic
Ischemic stroke induces neurovascular damage and myelin sheath *** therapeutic strategy for restoring only one side cannot efficiently restore neural behavioral *** progenitor cells(EPCs)has the property of forming ne...
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Ischemic stroke induces neurovascular damage and myelin sheath *** therapeutic strategy for restoring only one side cannot efficiently restore neural behavioral *** progenitor cells(EPCs)has the property of forming new blood vessels
The striatum is a major input site of the basal ganglia, which play an essential role in decision making. To elucidate distinctive functions of subregions of the striatum in decision making, we investigated rats' ...
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The striatum is a major input site of the basal ganglia, which play an essential role in decision making. To elucidate distinctive functions of subregions of the striatum in decision making, we investigated rats' strategies in a choice task with probabilistic reward and analyzed information represented by neurons in their dorsolateral striatum(DLS), dorsomedial striatum(DMS), and ventral striatum(VS). We found the following:(1) when rats began the tasks, a majority of VS neurons increased their firing rates;(2) information of action and action values was most strongly represented in DMS;and(3) action-command information was strongest in DLS, particularly when the same choice was repeated. We propose a hypothesis of hierarchical reinforcement learning to coherently explain these results.
The entorhino-hippocampal neural circuits of the mammalian brains are able to internally generate efficient spatial representations of large-scale environments. Hippocampal principal cells in mammalian brains form spa...
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The entorhino-hippocampal neural circuits of the mammalian brains are able to internally generate efficient spatial representations of large-scale environments. Hippocampal principal cells in mammalian brains form sparse codes of the positions in large environments. The underlying computational mechanisms of the formation of spatial memory in large-scale environments are still not well understood. We present a competitive learning network that integrates both spatial inputs from grid cells as well as contextual inputs from non-spatial cells. Through self-organization, place units in the network form place fields at "randomly" interleaved locations, in the sense that both the recruitment process and the inter-field interval are memoryless, a property superior for spatial memory formation in large environments.
Neuonal stem/progenitor cells(NSCs/NPCs)differentiation is key process to brain development and disrupted process is indicated in many neural diseases such as autism and ***1 signaling is a key molecular switch for NS...
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Neuonal stem/progenitor cells(NSCs/NPCs)differentiation is key process to brain development and disrupted process is indicated in many neural diseases such as autism and ***1 signaling is a key molecular switch for NSCs/NPCs
Oxytocin is implicated to regulate several important behaviors, such as social interaction and feeding behavior;nevertheless, the neural circuitry regulating oxytocin neurons still remains uncharacterized. Here we gen...
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Oxytocin is implicated to regulate several important behaviors, such as social interaction and feeding behavior;nevertheless, the neural circuitry regulating oxytocin neurons still remains uncharacterized. Here we generated a comprehensive whole-brain atlas describing the monosynaptic inputs onto hypothalamic oxytocin neurons based on a genetically restricted transsynaptic retrograde approach. We identified distinct inputs onto oxytocin neurons from forebrain and hindbrain neurons, with specific inputs from septum,hypothalamus, olfactory cortex and ventral hippocampus. Cell-type-specific classification of connectivity patterns will allow us for further functional analysis of the diverse neural circuitries modulating neuroendocrine activities.
Objective:High-frequency oscillations(HFOs)are promising biomarkers of epilepsy;however,their characteristic changes during the pre-ictal period remain ***,we investigated the pre-ictal changes of HFOs in mesial tempo...
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Objective:High-frequency oscillations(HFOs)are promising biomarkers of epilepsy;however,their characteristic changes during the pre-ictal period remain ***,we investigated the pre-ictal changes of HFOs in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy(mTLE).
Majority of studies on synaptic and cognitive functions have been focusing on the critical role of calcium ion and its channels in such *** di-ions such as Zinc and Magnesium are essential for proper functioning of ma...
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Majority of studies on synaptic and cognitive functions have been focusing on the critical role of calcium ion and its channels in such *** di-ions such as Zinc and Magnesium are essential for proper functioning of many tissues and organs including the
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