Animals possess multiple behavioral modules, and are able to prioritize behaviors based on environmental cues and internal states, the mechanism of which is rarely studied. Here we studied how two basic behaviors, sex...
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Animals possess multiple behavioral modules, and are able to prioritize behaviors based on environmental cues and internal states, the mechanism of which is rarely studied. Here we studied how two basic behaviors, sex and sleep, are interacted and prioritized in Drosophila melanogaster. We found that the need for sleep inhibits male sexual behavior by decreasing activity in P1 neurons in the sex circuitry, but does not affect female sexual behavior. In contrast, sex determination genes control sexual dimorphic sleep in males and females. Further more, P1 neurons that promote male courtship negatively regulate male sleep through a subset of neurons in the sleep circuitry, while neurons promoting female sexual behavior have minor roles in regulating female sleep. These results reveal how the neuronal circuitries for sex and sleep are inter-connected and communicated to prioritize behaviors in a sex-specific manner.
Electroconvulsive therapy(ECT) is a physical treatment for mental disorders(especially for resistant mental disorders). ECT is one of the most frequent treatments for patients with resistant major depressive disor...
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Electroconvulsive therapy(ECT) is a physical treatment for mental disorders(especially for resistant mental disorders). ECT is one of the most frequent treatments for patients with resistant major depressive disorder, its response rate is about 60%;but for resistant schizophrenia patients, its response rate is about 47%7%. Exploration of its neural mechanism largely depends on neuro-technology development(such as neuroimaging, etc). Through different scales of functional brain imaging and multiple discipline researches, electroconvulsive therapy could be a ideal model for exploring the origin of mental disorders and mechanism of neuro--stimulation. It will provide more robust evidence for individualized medicine. We will discuss it through recent literature review and our related work.
A trauma system is an organized, coordinated effort in a defined geographic area that delivers the full range of care to all injured patients and is integrated with the local public health system. The true value of a ...
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A trauma system is an organized, coordinated effort in a defined geographic area that delivers the full range of care to all injured patients and is integrated with the local public health system. The true value of a trauma system is derived from the seamless transition between each phase of care, integrating existing resources to achieve improved patient outcomes. Success of a trauma system is largely determined by the degree to which it is supported by public policy. Trauma systems are regionalized, making efficient use of health care resources. Trauma systems are based on the unique requirements of the population served, such as rural, inner-city, urban, or Native American communities. Trauma systems must emphasize the prevention of injuries in the context of community health. Ultimately, nationwide development of trauma systems would allow for seamless and effective care across the United States with the ability to expand to meet the medical needs of the community from a man-made or natural disaster.
Rotated mirror or normal letter discriminations are thought to elicit mental rotation in neural processing. Rotation out of the picture plane, which is called the 'FLIP', has been accounted for the longer resp...
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Rotated mirror or normal letter discriminations are thought to elicit mental rotation in neural processing. Rotation out of the picture plane, which is called the 'FLIP', has been accounted for the longer response time in mirror letters than normal ones. While little work has been focused on whether or not mirrored stimuli are rotated at the same time as the normal except the hypothesis with few direct evidence that following process will be unnecessary if mental rotation occurs at different times for the two stimulus types. We examined High-density ERPs evoked by rotated letters to determine the relationship between the FLIP and rotation in the picture plane in different types. Both the behavioral and electrophysiological findings suggest that the emergence of FLIP partially overlaps with rotation in the picture plane and leads to the delay of rotation-related negativity which occurs only if mental rotation is required.
The gate control theory proposes the importance of both pre- and post-synaptic inhibition in processing pain signal in spinal cord. However, while postsynaptic disinhibition caused by brain-derived neurotrophic factor...
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The gate control theory proposes the importance of both pre- and post-synaptic inhibition in processing pain signal in spinal cord. However, while postsynaptic disinhibition caused by brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) has been proved as a crucial mechanism underlying neuropathic pain, the function of presynaptic inhibition in acute and neuropathic pain remains elusive. I will show that a transient shift in the reversal potential(EGABA) together with a decline in the conductance of presynaptic GABAA receptor result in a reduction of presynaptic inhibition after nerve injury. BDNF mimics, whereas blockade BDNF signaling reverses, the alteration in GABAA receptor function and the neuropathic pain syndrome. Finally, genetic disruption of presynaptic inhibition leads to spontaneous development of behavioral hypersensitivity which cannot be further sensitized by nerve lesions or BDNF. These results reveal a novel effect of BDNF on presynaptic GABAergic inhibition after nerve injury and may represent new strategy for treating neuropathic pain.
In vivo two-photon microscopy allows imaging of neuronal activities of more than 500 neurons simultaneously from cortical layer 1 to 5 at cellular and subcellular resolution in behaving mice. This technique has been r...
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In vivo two-photon microscopy allows imaging of neuronal activities of more than 500 neurons simultaneously from cortical layer 1 to 5 at cellular and subcellular resolution in behaving mice. This technique has been recently combined with behavioral tasks in virtual environments to study decision making process in mice. Here, we show that mouse posterior parietal cortex(PPC) implements action-dependent state prediction, a core component of the model-based decision making. Mice were trained to do a goal-directed auditory virtual navigation task, and the neuronal activities in PPC were imaged with the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCa MP6 f. Although the guiding sounds were intermittently presented, the population activity allows predicting the goal distance with and without sound inputs. This result suggests that the PPC is involved in action-dependent state prediction.
Objective: Evaluating change and effect of GABA system in neuropathic pain. Methods: CCI model of rats;Radiate heat and Von Frey filament test;DRG targeted mini-pump implantation;Whole cell patch clamp recording. Resu...
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Objective: Evaluating change and effect of GABA system in neuropathic pain. Methods: CCI model of rats;Radiate heat and Von Frey filament test;DRG targeted mini-pump implantation;Whole cell patch clamp recording. Results: Rats with CCI surgery showed the typical behavior of neuropathic pain. GABA induced currents were increased among medium diameter DRG neurons after CCI operation, while both large and small diameter DRG neurons showed no significant changes. Application GABA through a mini-pump delivery system to DRG area attenuated mechanical hyperalgesia of CCI rats. Conclusion: DRG GABAergic system may involve in the process of neuropathic pain by increasing its GABA sensitivity. The GABA system activation could be a potent target for alleviate neuropathic pain.
Objective There is a debate on whether feature-based and spatial-based attention are two distinct types of attention or just two different demonstrations under the same attentional mechanism. The present study is to c...
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Objective There is a debate on whether feature-based and spatial-based attention are two distinct types of attention or just two different demonstrations under the same attentional mechanism. The present study is to compare the influence of feature and spatial attention on visual performance field(shape illustrated by correct percentage at different visual locations). Methods Subjects were asked to perform discrimination tasks under feature-based and spatial-based attention induced by different cues. Visual stimulus was presented at different places in the visual field. Reaction time and accuracy of stimulus discrimination are used to depict performance field. Results(1) Both feature and spatial attention boost overall performance of the tasks.(2) Neither feature nor spatial attention changes the shape of visual performance field. Conclusion Visual performance fields are determined by visual, rather than attentional, constraints. Feature and spatial attention have the same effect on visual performance field.
Dynamic structural maturation of neurons during brain development requires meticulously orchestrated expression of numerous genes. Malformation of neurons due to the dysregulated gene expression can lead to the neurop...
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Dynamic structural maturation of neurons during brain development requires meticulously orchestrated expression of numerous genes. Malformation of neurons due to the dysregulated gene expression can lead to the neuropsychiatric disorders. However, many of the genes expressed during brain development have not been individually explored yet. Here we introduce a previously unreported transducible nuclear/nucleolar protein regulating the neuronal morphogenesis, which we call mL LP, the mouse homolog of Ap LLP. m LLP exhibits the developmentally decreasing expression pattern in the neural cells. During this developing period in cultured neurons, knockdown of m LLP reduced the dendritic growth, spine density, and synaptic transmission, whereas its overexpression caused the opposite effect. Interestingly, introducing m LLP into cells utilizing its intrinsic cell-permeability enhanced the dendritic arborization similarly with the genetic overexpression. Together, these results uncover a novel molecular pathway for regulating neural development.
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