Objective: Evaluating change and effect of GABA system in neuropathic pain. Methods: CCI model of rats;Radiate heat and Von Frey filament test;DRG targeted mini-pump implantation;Whole cell patch clamp recording. Resu...
详细信息
Objective: Evaluating change and effect of GABA system in neuropathic pain. Methods: CCI model of rats;Radiate heat and Von Frey filament test;DRG targeted mini-pump implantation;Whole cell patch clamp recording. Results: Rats with CCI surgery showed the typical behavior of neuropathic pain. GABA induced currents were increased among medium diameter DRG neurons after CCI operation, while both large and small diameter DRG neurons showed no significant changes. Application GABA through a mini-pump delivery system to DRG area attenuated mechanical hyperalgesia of CCI rats. Conclusion: DRG GABAergic system may involve in the process of neuropathic pain by increasing its GABA sensitivity. The GABA system activation could be a potent target for alleviate neuropathic pain.
In vivo two-photon microscopy allows imaging of neuronal activities of more than 500 neurons simultaneously from cortical layer 1 to 5 at cellular and subcellular resolution in behaving mice. This technique has been r...
详细信息
In vivo two-photon microscopy allows imaging of neuronal activities of more than 500 neurons simultaneously from cortical layer 1 to 5 at cellular and subcellular resolution in behaving mice. This technique has been recently combined with behavioral tasks in virtual environments to study decision making process in mice. Here, we show that mouse posterior parietal cortex(PPC) implements action-dependent state prediction, a core component of the model-based decision making. Mice were trained to do a goal-directed auditory virtual navigation task, and the neuronal activities in PPC were imaged with the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCa MP6 f. Although the guiding sounds were intermittently presented, the population activity allows predicting the goal distance with and without sound inputs. This result suggests that the PPC is involved in action-dependent state prediction.
Dynamic structural maturation of neurons during brain development requires meticulously orchestrated expression of numerous genes. Malformation of neurons due to the dysregulated gene expression can lead to the neurop...
详细信息
Dynamic structural maturation of neurons during brain development requires meticulously orchestrated expression of numerous genes. Malformation of neurons due to the dysregulated gene expression can lead to the neuropsychiatric disorders. However, many of the genes expressed during brain development have not been individually explored yet. Here we introduce a previously unreported transducible nuclear/nucleolar protein regulating the neuronal morphogenesis, which we call mL LP, the mouse homolog of Ap LLP. m LLP exhibits the developmentally decreasing expression pattern in the neural cells. During this developing period in cultured neurons, knockdown of m LLP reduced the dendritic growth, spine density, and synaptic transmission, whereas its overexpression caused the opposite effect. Interestingly, introducing m LLP into cells utilizing its intrinsic cell-permeability enhanced the dendritic arborization similarly with the genetic overexpression. Together, these results uncover a novel molecular pathway for regulating neural development.
Objective There is a debate on whether feature-based and spatial-based attention are two distinct types of attention or just two different demonstrations under the same attentional mechanism. The present study is to c...
详细信息
Objective There is a debate on whether feature-based and spatial-based attention are two distinct types of attention or just two different demonstrations under the same attentional mechanism. The present study is to compare the influence of feature and spatial attention on visual performance field(shape illustrated by correct percentage at different visual locations). Methods Subjects were asked to perform discrimination tasks under feature-based and spatial-based attention induced by different cues. Visual stimulus was presented at different places in the visual field. Reaction time and accuracy of stimulus discrimination are used to depict performance field. Results(1) Both feature and spatial attention boost overall performance of the tasks.(2) Neither feature nor spatial attention changes the shape of visual performance field. Conclusion Visual performance fields are determined by visual, rather than attentional, constraints. Feature and spatial attention have the same effect on visual performance field.
Depression has been suggested to be linked to counterfactual thinking in many behavioral studies, but the direction of this effect remains disputed. In the current study, the relationship between depression and counte...
详细信息
Depression has been suggested to be linked to counterfactual thinking in many behavioral studies, but the direction of this effect remains disputed. In the current study, the relationship between depression and counterfactual thinking was examined using the event-related potential(ERP) technique. In a binary choices gambling task, outcome feedback of the chosen option and that of the alternative option were both provided, so as to elicit the process of counterfactual comparison. By investigating ERP signals in response to outcome presentation, we discovered that when the fictive outcome was better or worse than the factual outcome, the amplitude of the P3 component was positively correlated with individual levels of depression, but not individual levels of anxiety. These results indicate that depression strengthens both upward counterfactual thinking and downward counterfactual thinking. The implication of this finding to clinical research is discussed.
The billions of neurons in mammalian brain communicate with each other via specialized junctions called synapse. The structure and function of synapse have been investigated a lot by optical imaging technique during p...
详细信息
The billions of neurons in mammalian brain communicate with each other via specialized junctions called synapse. The structure and function of synapse have been investigated a lot by optical imaging technique during past 20 years, but resolving the details of synaptic protein distribution and variety of synapse type is necessary for understanding the synaptic plasticity and neuronal network function which is relative with advanced cognitive function of mammalian animal. In this research, we use super resolution imaging to resolve different types of synapse with distinguishable morphology which have different performance during development and plasticity.
New neurons are generated continuously in the dentate gyrus(DG) of hippocampus throughout adulthood in rodents and most other mammals. Newly generated neurons can integrate into the preexisting synaptic circuitry and ...
详细信息
New neurons are generated continuously in the dentate gyrus(DG) of hippocampus throughout adulthood in rodents and most other mammals. Newly generated neurons can integrate into the preexisting synaptic circuitry and are associated with learning and memory and other cognitive functions such as mood regulation. Previous studies showed that adult hippocampal neurogenesis was impaired in several lines of animal models of AD, and amyloid β(Aβ) was believed to be the major culprit. In the present study, we compared the effects of amyloid protein precursor(hA PP) and Aβ on the neurogenesis in adult hippocampus by using two different lines of mice which express similar amount of h APP but very different levels of Aβ. We found that while neurogenesis was impaired in both lines of mice, the degree of neurogenesis reduction was more prominent in the hippocampus of mice expressing h APP with much lower levels of Aβ. Our data suggested that APP but not Aβ might be the major factor affecting neurogeneis in the adult hippocampus.
Objective Glycosyltransferases are enzymes that catalyze the formation of a variety of Glycoconjugates. The role of β-1,3-galactosyltransferase 2(b3galt2)in inflammation of nervous system is unknown. Dental pulp infl...
详细信息
Objective Glycosyltransferases are enzymes that catalyze the formation of a variety of Glycoconjugates. The role of β-1,3-galactosyltransferase 2(b3galt2)in inflammation of nervous system is unknown. Dental pulp inflammation can be used as an inflammatory model of peripheral nervous system. In present study, we investigate the role of b3galt2 in neuroinflammation. Methods Expression of b3galt2 is examined by RT-PCR and western blot, NFk B signaling pathway is determined by immunohistochemistry. Results Inflammation induced upregulation of b3galt2, and b3galt2 has a pro-inflammatory role in dental pulp inflammation. Conclusion b3galt2 may play an important role in mediating peripheral neuroinflammation.
Spinal cord injury(SCI) leads to irreversible neuronal loss and glial scar formation, which ultimately result in persistent neurological dysfunction. Cellular regeneration could be an ideal approach to replenish the l...
详细信息
Spinal cord injury(SCI) leads to irreversible neuronal loss and glial scar formation, which ultimately result in persistent neurological dysfunction. Cellular regeneration could be an ideal approach to replenish the lost cells and repair the damage. However, the adult spinal cord has limited ability to produce new neurons. Here we show that resident astrocytes can be converted to doublecortin(DCX)-positive neuroblasts by a single transcription factor, SOX2, in the injured adult spinal cord. Importantly, these induced neuroblasts can mature into synapse-forming neurons in vivo. Neuronal maturation is further promoted by treatment with a histone deacetylase inhibitor, valproic acid(VPA). The results of this study indicate that in situ reprogramming of endogenous astrocytes to neurons might be a potential strategy for cellular regeneration after SCI.
Choroid plexus papillomas are the rare benign tumors and the pigmented disease is even less common, the one located in sellar region is hardly seen, we present the case of a 43-year-old women with complains of headach...
详细信息
Choroid plexus papillomas are the rare benign tumors and the pigmented disease is even less common, the one located in sellar region is hardly seen, we present the case of a 43-year-old women with complains of headache and progressive visual deterioration in the left eye, whose plain CT showed an ovate high density tumor located in sellar region and MRI represented a homogeneously contrast-enhancing tumor extending from sellar turcica to upsellar cistern. Single-nostril transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery was performed in this patient with a subtotal resection, postoperative histological examination indicated that hyperchromatic tissue filled with cytoplasmic pigment, hyperplasic columnar epithelial cells cover with it, some of it showed papillary partially. These findings combined with immunohistochemistry, proved that the lesion was a pigmented choroid plexus papilloma. We reviewed the current literature, and discussed the origin, the differential of diagnosis and the role of surgery and radiotherapy in the disease.
暂无评论