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Repeated sensory stimulation induces rapid learning in cortical neurons

Repeated sensory stimulation induces rapid learning in corti...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Xing-Yi Li Yu Guang Xiang Liao Jian-Xia Xia Ran Ding Zheng-Zhi Feng Xiao-Wei Chen Brain Research Center Third Military Medical University School of Psychology Third Military Medical University

Visual stimulation training has been found to change the response properties of cortical neurons in the mammalian brain. In this study, using two-photon calcium imaging that allows for monitoring the activities of up to hundreds of neurons simultaneously in vivo, we find that repeated sensory stimulation at a fixed interval is able to induce a rapid change in the response profiles in the mouse visual cortex. The change involves a dramatic increase in the response reliability in a subset of cortical neurons. Interestingly, even a fraction of silent neurons that do not show any responses at the early period of stimuli becomes reliably responding to visual stimuli following repeated stimulation. Using two-photon calcium imaging of dendritic spines, we find that the same type of repeated visual stimulation also induces an increase in the spine volume and response reliability. Thus, our results reveal a rapid learning process in the visual cortex neurons, which is probably dependent on the structural and functional plasticity of dendritic spines.

关键词： experience-dependent plasticity,two-photon imaging,repeated stimulation,visual cortex

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Signal fluctuation and signal mean of resting-state fMRI by BOLD and ASL

Signal fluctuation and signal mean of resting-state fMRI by ...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： ZANG Yu-Feng Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders Hangzhou Normal University

Both blood oxygenation level dependent(BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging(f MRI) and arterial spin labeling(ASL) f MRI reveal hemodynamic features of the brain. BOLD reflects the change of deoxyhemoglobin while ASL reflects the the amount of blood flow. More and more clinical studies are using both techniqeus in a same study. However, the analytic methods differ a lot between them. The overwhelming method for ASL is the mean cerebral blood flow(CBF-mea) of each single voxel. But for BOLD signal, there have been many analytic methods, e.g., seed-based functional connectivity, independent component analysis, graph theory, regional homogeneity, and amplutide of low frequency fluctuiaon(ALFF). Among these analytic methods, only ALFF focuses on the signal voxel. Although both CBF-mean and BOLD-ALFF sounds comparable, their linear correlation is not so high in most brain regions. When they were used to differentiate eyes open(EO) and eyes closed(EC) conditions, CBF-mean and BOLD-ALFF revealed distinct patterns.

关键词： blood oxygenation level dependent arterial spin labeling,functional magnetic resonance imaging cerebral blood flow,amplutide of low frequency fluctuiaon

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Essential role of Akt3 in brain development

Essential role of Akt3 in brain development

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Long Wang Zhenyu Yin Ling Chen Guiquan Chen Model Animal Research Center MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease StudyNanjing University Department of Geriatric Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalNanjing University Medical School Nanjing Medical University

Akt(protein kinase B) plays important roles in various biological processes. Recent evidence has shown that mutations on Akt3 are associated with brain developmental diseases. To investigate molecular mechanisms by which Akt regulates cortical development, we examined three lines of Akt knockout(KO) mice, Akt1-/-, Akt2-/-and Akt3-/-. We found that deletion of Akt3 but not Akt1 or Akt2 resulted in a smaller size of the brain. We reported that Akt3-/- but not Akt1-/- mice displayed impaired cognitive abilities. Our data have further indicated that deletion of Akt3 but not Akt1 or Akt2 significantly affects the integrity of the white matter. This study may provide novel insights on how Akt3 mutations influences brain developmental diseases such as autism and microcephaly.

关键词： Akt,PKB,brain development,learning and memory,myelin

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Tsc1 haploinsufficiency is sufficient to increase dendritic patterning and Filamin A levels

Tsc1 haploinsufficiency is sufficient to increase dendritic ...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Longbo Zhang Tianxiang Huang Angélique Bordey Department of Neurosurgery Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Departments of Neurosurgery and Cellular & Molecular PhysiologyYale University School of Medicine

Most individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex(TSC) are born with a mutant allele of either TSC1 or TSC2 and a mosaic of psychological and cognitive defects. Although Tsc1 loss of heterozygosity contributes to severe dendritic abnormalities that are rescued by normalizing Filamin A(FLNA) levels, it is unclear whether dendrites and FLNA levels are abnormal in heterozygote Tsc1 condition. Here, we examined dendritic morphology of olfactory bulb neurons and FLNA levels in Tsc1 wild type and heterozygote mice. Using in vivo neonatal electroporation to label newborn neurons followed by sholl analysis, we found that Tsc1 haploinsufficiency is associated with increased dendritic complexity and total dendritic length as well as increased FLNA levels. Since reducing FLNA levels has been shown to decrease Tsc1+/- dendritic complexity, these data suggest that increased FLNA levels in Tsc1+/- mice contribute to abnormal dendritic patterning in Tsc1+/- mice.

关键词： dendrite mTOR,tuberous sclerosis complex Filamin A circuit network neurogenesis

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Sox2 plays a crucial role in CNS remyelination

Sox2 plays a crucial role in CNS remyelination

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Chao Zhao Wellcome Trust-Medical Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Clinical Neuroscience University of Cambridge

Understanding the mechanisms of CNS remyelination is central to developing effective means by which this process can be therapeutically enhanced in chronic demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis. Progression of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells(OPCs) to mature oligodendrocytes in response to signals in injury environment holds the key for successful myelin regeneration. Here we discuss the role of Sox2, a transcription factor widely implicated in stem cell biology, in CNS myelination and remyelination. We show that Sox2 is expressed in most OPCs at active period of developmental CNS myelination at early postnatal stage but diminished in adults in oligodendrocyte lineage cells. When demyelinating injury occurs the expression of Sox2 in OPCs is transiently increased but down-regulated upon differentiation. Using genetic fate mapping, gain of function and loss of function experiments, we demonstrated that Sox2 sustains the recruitment of OPCs and its up-regulation is essential for CNS remyelination. Our data suggest that Sox2 and its downstream regulatory factors may play an important role in the activation of OPCs following CNS demyelination and subsequent remyelination.

关键词： CNS Sox2 plays a crucial role in CNS remyelination

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Hippo/MST1 signaling regulates neuronal cell death and microglial activation

Hippo/MST1 signaling regulates neuronal cell death and micro...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Siqi Zhao Lujun Zhou Rong Wu Zengqiang Yuan Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Oxidative stress influences neuronal cell survival and homeostasis, but the mechanisms underlying the biological effects of oxidative stress remain to be elucidated. We have shown that protein kinase Hippo/MST1 plays a major role in oxidative stress-induced cell death in primary mammalian neurons and theprotein kinase c-Abl phosphorylates MST1 at Y433, which triggers the stabilization and activation of MST1, thereby activating the MST1-FOXO signaling pathway, leading to cell death in both primary culture neurons and rat hippocampal neurons. Microglial activation has been implicated as a secondary and detrimental cellular response for neuronal cell death in neurodegenerative diseases. Recently we found that MST1 is also involved in the microglial activation through directly phosphorylating IkappaB as to initiate the immune response. We further identified that Src kinase functions as the upstream of MST1-IkappaB signaling during microglial activation. Taken together, we demonstrated that Hippo/MST signaling plays a critical role in both neuronal cell death and microglial activation upon oxidative stress, with the implication of a therapeutic target for the neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： ischemia microglia MST1 Src NFκB

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Empathy for pain in rodents

Empathy for pain in rodents

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Jun Chen Zhen Li Yun-fei Lu Chun-Li Li Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain Tangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical University

Empathy, a basic prosocial behavior, is referred to as an ability to understand and share other's emotional state. Empathy is also a basis of altruism. In contrast, anti-empathy may be associated with autism, narcissism, alexithymia, personalality disorders, schizophrenia and depression. Thus study of the brain mechanisms of empathy has great importance to both scientific and clinical advances. However, less is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms of empathy due to lack of laboratory animal models in that only human and non-human primates have been considered to have such unique emotional sharing. Recently, a group from Mc Gill university and we independently found that both mice and rats have empathy for pain. We also mapped out that the medial prefrontal cortex including the anterior cingulate cortex, prelimbic cortex and infralimbic cortex is involved in pain empathy in rats, suggesting existence of a neural network associated with development of pain empathy in the CNS. In the present lecture, I would like to give a brief outline of the advances in study of empathy for pain in rodents, try to provide with a bio-psychosocial-behavioral model for studying pain and its emotional comorbidity with anxiety and depression.

关键词： Empathy,Prosocial behavior,Pain,Emotion

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Polygala japonica *** extracts improve learning and memory performance of mice is associated with enhanced neurogenesis

Polygala japonica *** extracts improve learning and memory p...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Sun Chong Li Ting-Ting Zhou Yu Center for Neuropsychiatric Diseases Institute of Life ScienceNanchang University

Objective The plant Polygala japonica Houtt(PJ) is a traditional medicinal herb prescribed for nootropic activity, yet the biological basis of its function is still unknown. We hypothesize that the cognitive change is partly attributable to alteration in hippocampal neurogenesis. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of chronic PJ(1 month) administration on hippocampal cell proliferation and survive in C57(2 month) mice. Methods The cognitive change was measured by the new object recognition test and Barnes maze. The newly generated cell was labeled by Brd U, which was injected in mice one day before perfused. To analyze the survive of the newly generated cell, the mice was inject Brd U for 2 weeks before perfuse. The brains were removed and processed with immunohistochemistry techniques for Brd U. Results(1) PJ promotes cognition improvement in mice.(2) PJ significant improves the hippocampal cell proliferation.(3) PJ increases the cell survive. Conclusion PJ promotes cognitive improvement is associated with enhanced neurogenesis.

关键词： Polygala japonica Houtt cognitive improvement enhanced neurogenesis

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Visual-spatial category encoding in human parietal cortex

Visual-spatial category encoding in human parietal cortex

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Yanyan Li Xiaopeng Hu Yongqiang Yu Liang Wang Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of PsychologyChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Radiology First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University

Categorization is a fundamental cognitive process by which the brain assigns meaning to incoming sensory stimuli. This higher cognitive function has traditionally been considered the domain of prefrontal areas. However, recent non-human primate studies have increasingly focused on the essential role of the posterior parietal cortex(PPC), especially the lateral intraparietal(LIP) area, in categorization. Previous work showed that PPC played a central role in spatial attention and saccadic eye movement, and more recent work have found categorical signals in LIP. However, whether human PPC is also involved in visual category remains unclear. Here, using multiple voxel pattern analysis(MVPA) on data from functional magnetic resonance imaging(f MRI) visual-spatial category experiments, we show that activity in human IPS1/2-an area shares similar response characteristics to macaque area LIP-can reflect the groups of spot visual stimulus. These findings indicate that human IPS1/2 is involved in human visual-spatial categorization.

关键词： categorization,LIP,PPC,fMRI,MVPA

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GDNF secretion characteristics of astrocytes in virtro

GDNF secretion characteristics of astrocytes in virtro

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Liyun Liu Ye Xiong Dianshuai Gao Department of Neurobiology Xuzhou Medical College

Background High-grade(HG) gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors. Their malignancy is promoted by the complex crosstalk between different cell types in the central nervous system. Importantly, Glial-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) is highly expressed in human HG-gliomas. The aim of this study was to further observe GDNF secretion characteristics of astrocytes in virtro. Methods Astrocytes were isolated from the cerebral cortex of the the 2-3-day-old newborn SD rats, and were identified by GFAP immunohistochemistry staining;Then to detect GDNF secretion levels at different time periods(24h,48 h,72h) by the ELISA method. Results GFAP immunohistochemistry results showed that the proportion of astrocytes was more than 95% of the total cultured cell population;The results of ELISA showed that it was the stagnate phase of astrocyte(from 48 h to 72h),GDNF secretion reached highest concentration-54pg/ml, which is the basis for the following experiment- High-concentration GDNF influences the proliferation capacity of primary astrocytes. Conclusion When cultivation of primary astrocytes for 72 h, GDNF secretion levels reaches highest, which is significance for the study of the correlation between GDNF and HG-gliomas.

关键词： astrocytes GDNF proliferation

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